<p>King Edward Park Air Raid Shelter is a heritage-listed former air raid shelter at 224 Turbot Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Frank Gibson Costello and built by Brisbane City Council. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 April 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Brisbane City Council built the stone shelter at King Edward Park as an air raid shelter in 1942.</p><br>
<p>On 7 December 1941, the United States of America entered World War Two following the bombing of the American fleet at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii by Japanese carrier-borne aircraft. England and its Commonwealth had been at war with Germany since September 1939, but now the war was truly global. The Japanese first bombed Darwin on 19 February 1942 and 14,000 Australians were taken prisoner following the fall of Singapore. Plans to defend Australia from an anticipated Japanese invasion and to use Queensland as a support base for the conduct of the Pacific war were implemented quickly. Australian and American personnel poured into Queensland and urgently required a wide range of new buildings and facilities. The population of Brisbane swelled dramatically. As it was the major city in Queensland, and the most northerly major population centre in Australia, military planning headquarters were set up in Brisbane, as were a number of important maintenance, communication, and supply facilities. General Douglas MacArthur, Commander in Chief of the Allied Forces, Southwest Pacific, was based in the AMP building at the corner of Queen Street and Edward Street in Brisbane, and General Sir Thomas Blamey, Commander in Chief of the Australian Forces, used the recently constructed University of Queensland buildings at St Lucia. Brisbane was obviously a strategic target for bombing, and rapid action had to be taken to protect the population in the event of air raids.</p><br>
<p>The demand on materials, services and labour was enormous and military projects took precedence in their allocation. Heavy Anti-Aircraft batteries were built at Victoria Park, Hendra, Pinkenba, Fort Lytton, Hemmant and Balmoral, and coastal artillery batteries were established on Bribie and Moreton Islands. Before the war, Queensland had a small population and no heavy manufacturing industries. To help overcome these problems, some buildings were prefabricated and standard designs for many structures were used. Designs took into account the scarcity of skilled labour and of some materials.</p><br>
<p>The Brisbane City Council took responsibility for Air Raid Precautions activities, including establishing an Air Raid Warden system, firefighting systems and constructing air raid shelters. Aboveground salt water pipes were laid along city streets to aid in firefighting. On Christmas Eve, 1941, each Australian State&#39;s Emergency Committee issued instructions for government, private employers and private households to immediately start building shelters. Slit trenches were built in parks and schoolyards, windows were taped, and brownouts were applied to buildings.</p><br>
<p>In the Protection of Persons and Property Order No.1, gazetted 23 December 1941, Premier William Forgan Smith, with powers conferred by Regulation 35a, National Security (General) Regulations, ordered the Brisbane City Council to construct 200 public surface shelters in the city area. Work had already started on 15 December, and later another 75 shelters were ordered. However, only 235 air raid shelters were constructed, the building programme being 90% complete by June 1942. In addition, around three kilometres of covered trenches were constructed in public parks, in 13 projects, including 315 metres of concrete-pipe covered trench in the Botanic Gardens, and 150m of the same in Victoria Park. It was believed that one person could be accommodated by each foot of trench. In addition to the public shelters, the Brisbane City Council also constructed shelters for leased wharves and council properties, including at the Stanley Wharf, Circular Quay Wharves 2,3 and 4, Norman Wharf, and Musgrave Wharf. Shelters were built under the Story Bridge, for Kangaroo Point shipbuilding workers, and five shelters were constructed on behalf of the Bureau of Industry at the Howard Smith Wharves.</p><br>
<p>The Protection of Persons and Property Order No.1 was applied statewide, and outside Brisbane another 24 Local Authorities in Queenslands coastal areas were ordered to produce surface or trench shelters for the public, to be built according to the Air Raid Shelter Code laid down in the Second Schedule of Order No.1. Initially, 20 of the Local Authorities were expected to construct a minimum total of 133 surface shelters, which were supposed to be able to withstand the blast of a 500-pound bomb bursting 50 feet away. Four other Local Authorities would only build trenches. However, after plans were amended, 23 Local Authorities outside Brisbane, excluding Thursday Island, ended up possessing a total of 129 public shelters: 123 surface and six underground. This effort had cost £56,596. Where Local Authorities were unwilling or unable to build the required number of code-compliant shelters, in some cases because they had already begun erecting other shelters, the Department of Public Works became responsible for the shelters construction. However, this led to problems when the Department tried to recoup half of the cost from the Local Authorities in question. Townsville, Toowoomba, Gladstone, and Ayr denied any liability for costs, and a Bill had to be passed in December 1942 to force their compliance. The Ayr Shire Council had claimed that the shelters would be death traps during an air raid.</p><br>
<p>Of the 235 surface shelters built in Brisbane for the public, 21 survive and are still owned by the Brisbane City Council. One of the shelters, on Queens Wharf Road, is a site-specific "special" variation of the standard pillbox design. It is listed in the Queensland Heritage Register as part of the entry for the porphyry retaining wall on William Street. The other 20 public shelters owned by the Brisbane City Council can be divided into three types of pillbox intended for conversion after the war: "park", "bus", and "bus (stone)". They were designed to serve as structures such as bus waiting shelters or shade structures for parks, with some or all of the perimeter blast walls to be removed, leaving the concrete slab roof, floor slab and piers. The reusable pillboxes were designed to hold 70 people, as were the non- reusable standard pillboxes.</p><br>
<p>F.G. Costello, Brisbane City Council City Architect between 1941 and 1952, was responsible for the design of the surface air raid shelters, and his variants of the standard pillbox were designed to provide a post-war utility for at least part of the Council&#39;s shelter building programme. In an address delivered to the Constitutional Club in Brisbane on February 1942, Costello noted that "if the emergency for their use does not arise...(unused shelters)... remain in brick and concrete, in many cases having no further value and being a possible source of nuisance. He added that I can assure you that wherever it is possible, without sacrificing the primary requirements of shelter from air attack, I have endeavoured in our Council buildings to so plan the shelters that they will fit into schemes of improvement which we hope will proceed immediately after the war".</p><br>
<p>Costello&#39;s work was characterised by the use of an architectural language inspired by the modern movement in architecture. This movement pursued the rational use of modern materials and principles of functionalist planning and established a visual aesthetic largely inspired by the machine. It was part of an architecture employing the language of vertical and horizontal volumes and planes, floating flat roofs, masses set against voids and monumentality. Though modest in scale and form, the design of the shelters is characteristic of work in this idiom. The reusable shelters were often sited under fig trees, to aid in camouflage.</p><br>
<p>The first of Costellos reusable designs is the pillbox with double- cantilevered roof slab, or "park" type shelter. In an original list of all the shelters constructed by the Brisbane City Council, these were simply labelled as "cantilever". They had four central piers supporting the roof slab, which allowed for the removal of the four blast walls after the war. There was an entrance at each end of the front wall, where an internal wall extended into the shelter. If the walls were made of brick, the shelters dimension was 409" by 133" by 86" high, and if concrete was used the dimensions were 40 by 126" by 86" high. The difference was due to the fact that the brick walls finished in line with the top of the roof slab, covering the fascia, whereas the concrete walls finished at the soffit of the roof slab, flush with the fascia. The minimum wall thickness for brick was set at 13.5", and 12" for concrete. The roof slab was intended to have at least four inches of concrete.</p><br>
<p>Of the 37 reusable shelters listed as being of the park type only 17 survive: one at Hefferan Park in Annerley; two at Albert Park; two at Wickham Park; one in Buranda Playground in Woolloongabba; two in Raymond Park in Kangaroo Point; and one each at Kelvin Grove, Morningside, Nundah, Stones Corner, and Windsor. Four other shelters stand on East Street and Wickham Street in Fortitude Valley. Most are used as simple park shelters, as intended, but the shelter at Nundah has been modified as a toilet block, and the shelter at Kelvin Grove is used as a bus shelter (as distinct from those shelters in the next category, which were specifically designed as "bus" type shelters). About half of the surviving park shelters had concrete blast walls, while half used brick.</p><br>
<p>The second design was the pillbox with single-cantilevered roof slab, or "bus" type shelter, as it was called in the original Brisbane City Council list. These were designed so that the three brick blast walls could be removed after the war, leaving a concrete back wall and five brick piers at the front. Again, entrances were at each end of the front wall. Of the 19 "bus" types listed only two survive, at Newmarket and Newstead.</p><br>
<p>The third design was also a "bus" type shelter, but it was built with a stone rear wall, instead of concrete, and six stone piers were later added, instead of five brick piers. The three brick blast walls could be removed as normal. Two of these "colonnade" types were built — referred to in the Brisbane City Council list as "bus (stone)" — and only this one survives, at King Edward Park.</p><br>
<p>Most of the Brisbane structures built for the war were removed at the end of World War Two. The saltwater mains, slit trenches, and sirens disappeared, as did the many standard pillboxes that had stood in the middle of the streets of the Central Business District. 156 standard pillboxes were built, but none of the surviving public shelters in Brisbane City Council ownership are of that design. Of the 21 special shelters, only the one on Queens Wharf Road survives. However, of Costellos 58 reusable public surface shelters, 20 have survived; the removal of their blast walls, as planned, had given them a renewed purpose. The workers shelters at the Story Bridge Hotel and Howard Smith Wharves also still exist.</p><br>
<p>The front blast wall of the air raid shelter at King Edward Park was removed according to plan after World War Two, and six stone piers were added at the front of the shelter. Evidence of the location of the wall is still visible. The original shelter roof has been removed and was replaced in 1995 by a slab roof replicating the original. Two timber benches have been added.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The King Edward Park air raid shelter is a rectangular stone and concrete structure comprising a heavy floor slab, rear and side nib blast walls of sandstone, six sandstone piers and a flat concrete roof. The shelter is approached by two flights of concrete stairs from Turbot Street. All the stonework features a hammered finish. The concrete roof is new; there is no evidence of blast wall removal on the soffit, and there is an additional narrow course of stone between the walls and piers and the roof.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>King Edward Park Air Raid Shelter was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 April 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The King Edward Park air raid shelter is important as a part of the Air Raid Precaution activities that were implemented for the defence of Brisbane during World War Two. Designed to afford protection to the civilian population of Brisbane in the event of air raid attacks or other emergencies, the air raid shelter located on the edge of the park facing Turbot Street is important in demonstrating the impact of World War Two on the civilian population of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Although many air raid shelters were constructed during World War Two in Queensland, comparatively few survive. Also, there are not many types of structures built by the Brisbane City Council during World War Two, for wartime purposes, which survive.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The shelter&#39;s solid construction, rectangular shape, and its siting near a population concentration, demonstrate the principal characteristics of a World War Two Brisbane public air raid shelter.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>The King Edward Park air raid shelter, now used as a shade shelter, demonstrates the secondary uses that were part of the original design intention. The shelter is a durable example of innovative design and use of concrete technology during World War Two.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The air raid shelter is important as an example of the wartime work of the City Architect&#39;s Office and particularly the work of City Architect F.G. Costello.</p><br>
<p>Queensland Brewery Company is a heritage-listed office building and warehouse at 501 Ann Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by HS McDonald for the Queensland Brewery Company and built from 1940 to 1942. It is also known as Credit Union Australia Building and RACQ Building. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This building was constructed between 1940 and 1942 for the Queensland Brewery Company. Designed by HS McDonald of Addison and McDonald, it replaced the company&#39;s headquarters in Queen Street, Petrie Bight. Half the ground floor and the first floors were used as administrative offices, while the remainder of these floors and the top storey provided cellars, a wine and spirits department, cooperage and goods handling and loading facilities.</p><br>
<p>The design was a departure from accepted forms for commercial buildings in Queensland at the time. McDonald fused the assertive curves and angles of the Art Deco with the flowing horizontal lines of the Functionalist movement. This latter style was characterised by its simple geometric shapes, its light colours and large glass areas. The building also exemplified the use of new materials like the original glass brick of the circular entry tower and the synthetic stone of the original signage. Both these elements have since been removed.</p><br>
<p>In February 1966 the property was purchased by the Royal Automobile Club of Australia (RACQ). Architects Cook and Kerrison & Partners adapted the building for its new use. The offices on the ground floor were occupied by customer services, the first floor accommodated the RACQ insurance staff, and the second floor provided management offices and two board rooms.</p><br>
<p>In 1980 the property was sold to the Australia Post and Telecom Credit Union, although RACQ leased the building for three years until their new offices were constructed. Credit Union Australia purchased the property in 1983, and undertook further modifications.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The three storeyed brick building is prominently located on the corner of Ann and Boundary Streets, opposite Centenary Place. It is built with applied Art Deco motifs influenced by the Functionalist movement.</p><br>
<p>Horizontal strip windows delineate levels on the two street facades and contrast with the vertically expressed elements of the corner tower. This tower forms a prominent entry and also serves as the location for vertical circulation. A chevron motif is regularly spaced around its upper portion.</p><br>
<p>The Ann Street facade has a cantilevered awning over a ramp providing access to a second entry.</p><br>
<p>The main entry vestibule is a three storeyed void with a corner entry at the ground floor level and a second inner entry parallel to Ann Street. This makes the lower portion of this space asymmetrical. The original glass blocks of the corner piece have been replaced by curved plate glass. The lower portion of the three storeyed space is of concrete block while plaster is located above marked to simulate blockwork. The ceiling is plaster and has a decorated cornice and a vertical light fitting suspended from its centre. The stairwell is walled with plaster marked in a similar way to the upper portion of the entry vestibule. The stair has polished timber handrails with a metal balustrade and brackets. The passenger elevator is predominantly intact. Only some of the original timber veneer partitioning remains in the general office space.</p><br>
<p>Despite the loss of some of its integrity the building is still an indicator of the beginning of the stylistic influence of the European Modern Movement in Queensland. It is also prominent for the manner in which it is designed to take advantage of its location on a corner site.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Queensland Brewery Company Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant as a relatively rare example of a landmark building with Art Deco embellishments. The building is significant as an example of the work of H S McDonald who played a role in the introduction of Functionalist style to Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant as a relatively rare example of a landmark building with Art Deco embellishments. The building is significant as an example of the work of H S McDonald who played a role in the introduction of Functionalist style to Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant as a relatively rare example of a landmark building with Art Deco embellishments.</p><br>
<p>Hamilton Historic District is a national historic district located at Hamilton, Martin County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 60 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 1 contributing structure in the town of Hamilton. They include notable examples of Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Carpenter Gothic architecture in buildings dated from the early-19th century through the 1920s. Located in the district is the separately listed Darden Hotel. Other notable buildings include the Edmondson-Purvis House, Upton-Pippen house, Conoho Masonic Lodge, Weatherbee-Anthony House, David L. Martin House , Baker-Ballard House, St. Martin&#39;s Episcopal Church, Gladstone Building, Hamilton Methodist Church , and Hamilton Baptist Church .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Dollberge are a small mountain range in the northern Saarland and the adjoining part of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany. They form a southeastern element of the Schwarzwälder Hochwald, a region in the Hunsrück mountains, and are up to</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The Dollberge are an elongated chain of low mountains running from southeast to northwest through the Saar-Hunsrück Nature Park roughly from Nonnweiler (Saarland) to Börfink (Rhineland-Palatinate). The southwestern tip of the Dollberge lies in the northern Saarland near Nonnweiler; the larger northeastern line of the mountain ridge is located within Rhineland-Palatinate.</p><br>
<h3>Mountains</h3><br>
<p>The mountains of the Dollberge include the following – sorted by height in metres (m) above sea level (NN):</p><br>
<p>Friedrichskopf, south of Börfink in the parish of Brücken, Rhineland-Palatinate</p><br>
<p>Dollberg, southeast of Neuhütten, the highest mountain in the Saarland</p><br>
<p>Vorkastell (mountain spur and castle ruins), southeast of Börfink, Rhineland-Palatinate</p><br>
<h3>Rivers and streams</h3><br>
<p>Between the Dollberge and the Schwarzwalder Hochwald is the Prims Reservoir through which the River Prims flows. A tributary of the Prims, the Allbach (Altbach), rises on the Friedrichskopf. The Traunbach flows past the Dollberge to the northeast.</p><br>
<h2>Hillfort of Otzenhausen</h2><br>
<p>In the areas of the southwestern foothills of the Dollberge between Nonnweiler and the Dollberg is the hillfort of Otzenhausen, a Celtic refuge fort (oppidum).</p><br>
<p>The Friedrichskopf near Brücken in the county of Birkenfeld in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate is and the highest mountain in the Dollberge, a small range in the Schwarzwälder Hochwald region of the Hunsrück mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The Friedrichskopf rises in the Saar-Hunsrück Nature Park on the territory of Brücken, a village which is 4.4 km southeast of the summit. About 2 km north-northwest is Muhl (in the neighbouring county of Trier-Saarburg), 3.3 km east-southeast of Abentheuer, 2.7 km southwest of Zinsershütten and 3.5 km north-northeast of Börfink. On the southern slopes of the mountain rises the Bleidenbach, a tributary of the Traunbach. The source of the Allbach, which feeds the Prims, is on its western mountainside.</p><br>
<p>Parts of the protected area (Landschaftsschutzgebiet or LSG) of Hochwald-Idarwald mit Randgebieten (CDDA-No. 321654; designated in 1976, 471.8224 km² in area) lie on the Friedrichskopf.</p><br>
<h3>Natural regions</h3><br>
<p>The Friedrichskopf is part of the natural regional major unit group of Hunsrück (No. 24), in the major unit of Hochwald and Idar Forest (242), subunit of the Schwarzwalder Hochwald (242.0) and natural region of the Dollberge and Herrstein Forest (242.02).</p><br>
<p>The Fairbanks Exploration Company Machine Shop is a historic machine shop in Fairbanks, Alaska, United States. Located behind the Fairbanks Exploration Company  administration building at 612 Illinois Street, it is a large single-story steel-frame structure, built in 1927 to serve the company&#39;s nearby gold mining operations. Its easternmost section is 16 ft high, while that on the west is 20 ft high, in order to accommodate belt-driven equipment and cranes. A tall double door at the center of the east facade is the main entrance. The front of the building housed large belt-driven lathes, while the center had a welding shop, drill presses, and a tool room. A blacksmithy in the back had a sand floor. The building was used by the F.E. Company between 1927 and 1964.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Beecher H. Duncan Farm, also known as Brookvale Farm, is a historic farm property at 26 Shorey Road in Westfield, Maine. Built in 1910-12, the farm complex , it is a well-preserved family farm dating to the period of Aroostook County&#39;s heyday as a potato growing area. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Duncan Farm is set on 129 acre of land in north-central Westfield, abutting the town line with Presque Isle. The farmstead is set on the east side of Shorey Road, which runs through the property. The house is a two-story wood frame structure with vernacular Queen Anne styling. Its main gabled roofline runs east-west, with a lower projecting two-story ell to the south, and a single-story porch in the corner created by the projection. The house was built in 1912 by Henry Duncan. South of the house stands a massive gambrel-roofed barn, built by Duncan in 1910. Its west-facing main facade has a large sliding door at the center, topped by a transom window, with a smaller personnel entrance to the right. At the southeast corner of the property stands an abandoned 1-1/2 story cottage.</p><br>
<p>The core of the farm property was purchased by Henry Duncan in 1904, with a potato house and small barn (both no longer extant) standing on it, indicating it had already been partly cleared and cultivated. Needing a larger barn to provide storage for hay and feed for his workhorses, Duncan built the large barn in 1910. The family typically planted 50 acre in potatoes, another 50 in hay and oats, and left the remaining land fallow. They kept cows and chickens for personal use (the latter in a shed built off the side of the barn, which has since been removed). The type of barn Duncan built fell into decline with the advent of mechanized agriculture, for which the large hay and feed storage areas were not needed. Beecher Duncan, who succeeded to the farm after his father&#39;s death in 1915, acquired a gasoline-powered tractor in 1944, sold off his workhorses, and removed stalls housing them from the barn.</p><br>
<p>The Dollberg is a mountain in the Dollberge range in central Germany and the highest point in the state of Saarland. It is and lies within the Schwarzwalder Hochwald on the boundary between the counties of Trier-Saarburg  and St. Wendel .</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The Dollberg lies within the Saar-Hunsrück Nature Park, on the northern state boundary of the Saarland with the neighbouring state of Rhineland-Palatinate, in the southwest of the Dollberge range. Its summit rises 1.4 km south of Neuhütten (Rhineland-Palatinate), on whose territory the mountain is located, 3.5 km north-northeast of Otzenhausen, 3.8 km northwest of Eisen and 4.5 km northeast of Nonnweiler (Saarland) in the municipality of Sötern which, as part of Nohfelden lies 5.3 km southwest of the Dollberg (all distances as the crow flies). West of the wooded mountain on the River Prims is the Prims Reservoir (Nonnweiler Dam).</p><br>
<h2>Highest mountain in the Saarland</h2><br>
<p>In the 20th century the Dollberg and the Schimmelkopf (Weiskircher Höhe) were seen as the highest points in the Saarland, both being measured at. According to more precise surveys by the State Office for Land Registration, Survey and Mapping ( Landesamt für Kataster-, Vermessungs- und Kartenwesen) in 2005, the Dollberg at is around 0.6 m higher than the Schimmelkopf. The summit of the Dollberg is covered by mixed woodland that blocks all views of the surrounding area. Only a sign that describes it as the "highest point of the Saarland" marks the top. However, official maps neither record the name of the Dollberg nor its surveyed height of.</p><br>
<h2>Hillfort of Otzenhausen</h2><br>
<p>In the area of the southwestern spur of the Dollberg, between the mountain and Nonnweiler, is the roughly 2.5 km long circular rampart of the hillfort of Otzenhausen, which was a Celtic refuge castle (oppidum).</p><br>
<p>The Manship House is a historic residence in Jackson, Mississippi. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and was designated a Mississippi Landmark in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1836, Charles Henry Manship moved from Maryland to Jackson, Mississippi, where he became a prominent businessman, civic leader, and mayor during the American Civil War. By 1838, Manship had married Adeline Daley, daughter of David Daley, who was contractor for the Mississippi State Capitol during its construction in the 1830s.</p><br>
<h3>Description</h3><br>
<p>Completed in 1857, the Manship House served as the family home of Charles Manship, his wife, and their fifteen children. The house was constructed as a one-story, wood-frame structure in Gothic Revival architectural style. The interior of the house consisted of a main block with a central hallway, flanked by two rooms on each side. An ell incorporated a dining room and sitting room. Three chimneys projected from the hipped roof, and ceilings in all rooms extended to 16 ft. The west elevation included a 50 ft porch, with an enclosed central bay.</p><br>
<p>In 1937, the Manship House was the site of the last reunion of Confederate veterans in Mississippi. The house was occupied continuously by members of the Manship family from 1857 until 1975, when it was acquired by the state of Mississippi to serve as a museum.</p><br>
<h3>Museum</h3><br>
<p>Between 1976 and 1980, renovation and restoration work on the Manship House was administered by the Mississippi Department of Archives and History. The building was restored to represent a middle-class southern home, as it might have appeared in 1888.</p><br>
<p>As of February 2015, the Manship House Museum was closed while undergoing additional restoration and repairs of the building&#39;s foundation.</p><br>
<p>Tara House is a heritage-listed club house at 179 Elizabeth Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built from to 1928. It was also known as the Irish Club, which owned and operated the building from 1919 to 2015. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land at the site was bought by James Hunter, a boot manufacturer, in 1877 for £2250. Soon afterwards, Richard Gailey, architect, called for tenders for the construction of two Elizabeth Street stores for James Hunter. By 1879 Hunter was advertising his warehouses to let at £200 per annum. Hunters investment in this property was part of a more general, growing interest in this warehousing quarter. Messrs Unmack & Heussler, produce merchants, politicians and prominent citizens, conducted their business at the building from 1879 to 1884. From 1884 to 1899, the building was owned by the wealthy London merchant Alexander McArthur and used as the Brisbane branch of his extensive warehousing firm. The new owner in 1899 was James Cowlishaw, architect, newspaper proprietor, company director and politician. During Cowlishaws time various importers, warehousing firms and manufacturers agents were tenants. Cowlishaw financed the Queensland Irish Associations (QIA) purchase of the building in 1919 by a mortgage of £8000 (purchase price was £11,000). The building has been in the hands of the QIA continuously since that time. The success of the QIA reflects the significance of Queenslands Irish population from the start of free settlement. In the 1860s, 18% of the Queensland population was Irish-born.</p><br>
<p>Tara House has undergone regular alterations and maintenance to the interior — mostly provision of services and fittings but major structural and interior work was carried out on the building in 1927-28 — a joint project of the well-known architectural firm Cavanagh and Cavanagh and R Coutts & Son. The internal alterations were designed to highlight the Irish association with the building, an association which has extended over more than seventy years. The building was named Tara House in an official ceremony on 28 June 1948.</p><br>
<p>In February 2015, the club entered voluntary administration as the club&#39;s debt levels continued to rise following a $3 million loan for extensive renovations to attract new younger members. The club continued to operate at Tara House until May 2015 when the club was unable to pay its debts and entered liquidation. In June 2015, Tara House was offered for sale so the Irish Club could pay its creditors. In November 2015 it was sold for $8.1 million to a local private investor. On 16 December 2015 it was announced that the Queensland Irish Association was unable to secure a lease within Tara House due to higher offers being given by commercial operators.</p><br>
<p>In September 2016, a development application was prepared to convert Tara House into a cinema by James Peter Sourris, Stephen James Sourris and Peter James Sourris, who previously converted the also heritage-listed Village Twin Cinemas in New Farm. The development application was approved in February 2017.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Tara House is situated in a section of Elizabeth Street previously used as a warehousing precinct. It is located close to other remnants of the warehouse era, notably the adjacent Heckelmanns Building and the present Kings Car Park. Current use of the area is for shops and offices.</p><br>
<p>Tara House is a two-storey, cement-rendered brick building with basement of the late 1870s, with simple classical detailing, including an arcaded upper level crowned by an entablature and balustraded parapet. The arcade is composed of two symmetrical sections on either side of a central pilaster. Each section contains five semi-circular arched openings, the central one of which is flanked by pilasters and topped, above the parapet, by a triangular pediment. The central pilaster and the pilasters at either end of the facade are each crowned by an urn above the parapet.</p><br>
<p>Extensive alterations to the building in 1927-28 saw the demolition of the original back wall and the addition of a reinforced concrete and steel extension. At the same time the interior of the first floor was remodelled. A panelled, arched ceiling to the rear half of this floor is decorated in modelled fibrous plaster with angels, harps and Australian floral motifs in gold relief. The walls are panelled in silky oak; the floor is hardwood. Lead light panels in the ceiling and one end wall depict the four counties of Ireland and the Queensland coat of arms, while other leadlight windows are located in the north- east side wall.</p><br>
<p>The original ground floor facade and interior finishes have been removed. The upper floor interior finishes of the 1927-28 alterations are intact despite the intrusion of a bar and kitchen and some suspended ceilings. The basement has been extensively refurbished.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Tara House (Irish Club) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Tara House is significant for its architectural quality, in particular the fine design, detailing, materials and workmanship of the interior, which were part of the 1927-28 renovations. Tara House is an example of a facade by Richard Gailey, who designed many city buildings in Brisbane in the 1880s, and is significant for its association with the Irish community in Brisbane and the Queensland Irish Association. It is also significant for its contribution to the streetscape in association with the adjoining Heckelmann&#39;s Building.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Tara House is significant for its architectural quality, in particular the fine design, detailing, materials and workmanship of the interior, which were part of the 1927-28 renovations. Tara House is significant for its contribution to the streetscape in association with the adjoining Heckelmann&#39;s Building.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Tara House is significant for its association with the Irish community in Brisbane and the Queensland Irish Association.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Tara House is an example of a facade by Richard Gailey, who designed many city buildings in Brisbane in the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>The Buford-Duke House is antebellum house located in Scott County, Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The 11-room brick residence was originally constructed in 1792 by Col. Abram Buford who fought in the French and Indian War and the American Revolution. For his service, Buford was given several thousand acres of farm land in Kentucky to which he raised thoroughbred sires; he was instrumental in the development of the horse industry in the state. With assistance from his brother, two horses owned by Buford were named the first course winners in the Kentucky Gazette in 1795.</p><br>
<p>Buford&#39;s daughter married James K. Duke, a graduate of Yale Law School. After Buford died in 1833, Duke inherited the residence, which was enlarged and reoriented to the south. The woodland pasture in front of the house became a noted dueling ground, and also hosted lavish parties.</p><br>
<p>Dukes nephew, General Basil Duke, graduated from law from Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky. Basil came to live with his uncle, James Duke, after the divorce of his parents. Basil married Henrietta Morgan, sister of John Hunt Morgan, in 1861. Basil became a lieutenant in Morgans Second Kentucky Cavalry. After Morgan&#39;s death, he was promoted to brigade commander. He later practiced law in Louisville, Kentucky and served as counsel for the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. He was elected to the state legislature in 1869.</p><br>
<p>A portion of the land the house resides on became the Kentucky Horse Park in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Jigginstown Castle is a tower house and National Monument was constructed in the late 1630s when Ireland was under the reign of Charles I . At the time it was one of the largest buildings in Ireland, and the first to be constructed of red brick: the plans provided for a pavement and columns of Kilkenny marble.</p><br>
<p>Jigginstown Castle was built at Naas, County Kildare, on the periphery of an area known as The Pale, which was on the ouskirts of Dublin. It was an area which was guarded on its outskirts by the English plantation settlers to protect valuables and livestock. The castle has also been previously known as Siggingstown Castle.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the 1630s was responsible for the construction. His intention was for the castle to be a place where the King could reside on royal visits to Ireland. The downfall and execution for treason of Lord Strafford in 1641 meant that the house was never completed, and it was destroyed during the civil strife of the 1640s, although, according to Strafford&#39;s biographer Veronica Wedgwood, the foundations were still visible in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>Heckelmanns Building is a heritage-listed warehouse at 171 Elizabeth Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Andrea Giovanni Stombuco and built from 1884 to 1891. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In July 1873, Joseph Wendelin Heckelmann purchased 36 perches in Elizabeth Street from which he subdivided 2.4 perches in 1878. In 1884 he erected a two storeyed business premises with cellars which Arthur S and Leopold S Benjamin, merchants, occupied and opened on 22 October 1884. A seven-year lease between the Benjamin Brothers and Heckelmann was formalised from September of that year at an annual rate of £500. The premises, which cost £6,000 were designed by architect Andrea Stombuco and erected by W Watson. Built of stone and brick with a stuccoed facade, the building had a frontage of 66 feet to Elizabeth Street and a depth of 80 feet. A mechanical lift was incorporated in the building.</p><br>
<p>Alterations occurred, but the majority of the building was destroyed by fire in December 1890. Using the original foundations and the ground floor facade, the building was re-erected in 1891 to a height of three storeys excluding basement. It is thought that architect John Jacob Cohen may have been responsible for the design of the renovations. Joseph Heckelmann caused his initials and the date of reconstruction to be noted in the frieze below each pediment. Heckelmann, a tinsmith by trade, was an alderman of the Hamilton Town Council at the time, having been elected in 1890. Benjamin Brothers did not re-establish in the building but long-term tenants such as soft goods manufacturer J Leutenegger occupied the site from 1895 to 1934. Leutenegger was also Swiss Consul for a time and the consulate office was in this building.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Heckelmann died in 1925 and the ownership passed to his family. In April 1951 the building was purchased by the Commercial Bank of Australia for £50,000 and continued to be leased. It was subdivided in 1963 and two years later one half of the building was bought by Kenneth Rosewall and Rodney G Laver, noted Australian sportsmen. The other portion remained in the hands of the Commercial Bank and its successor Westpac Banking Corporation. Kern Corporation subsequently became the owner of the entire building.</p><br>
<h3>Street name</h3><br>
<p>A number of street names in the Brisbane suburb of Carina Heights are identical to the surnames of prominent Queenslanders. One of these is Hecklemann Street.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Only the lower portion of the buildings three level rendered brick facade can be attributed to the architect Andrea Stombuco. The upper two levels, which replaced Stombucos single upper level, abandoned the arched openings of the original for a plainer trabeated construction. This has provided the building with a certain visual strength as the arched portion provides an apparent base for the upper levels of the building.</p><br>
<p>The facade is treated as two identical sections corresponding to the building&#39;s original subdivisions. Each of these sections comprises three bays with the central one being narrower than the other two. Originally, on the lower level, the central bays had the broad arched doorway to each tenancy which were flanked by a pair of arched windows to each side, but the windows on the southern section of the facade have since been opened up to ground level. This early portion of the facade is ordered by unfluted Corinthian pilasters rising from a plinth at sill level to a plain string course.</p><br>
<p>The upper two floors are linked by fluted giant order composite pilasters. The bay system is maintained with large rectangular windows in the flanking bays. As with the arched openings below, each window has its own framing pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The parapet is a heavily decorated cornice which supports, over the central bay of each section, a highly ornate pediment, the northern one bearing the initials JWH, and the southern one carrying the date of the buildings reconstruction, 1891. Three square ornate urns mark the centre and ends of the building at parapet level. Decoration is rich but used in a discreet way and consists mainly of panels of foliage at points of emphasis.</p><br>
<p>The facade is intact with the exception of window openings to the southern half which have been extended below the plinth at ground level, and re-glazed as large fixed panels to the upper levels. Internally, exposed trusses appear at the top level of the left hand bay. This side of the building also retains its timber post structure. The interior of the right hand bay has been covered by modern office partitioning and ceilings.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Heckelmanns Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Heckelmanns Building is significant as a surviving element of the economic boom of the 1880s and the development of an Elizabeth Street commercial precinct. It is significant as part of an important streetscape including nearby Tara House.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Heckelmanns Building is characteristic of a Victorian era retail warehouse with its elaborate and ornate facade treatment.</p><br>
<p>Heckelmanns Building is significant for the sympathetic rebuilding of the upper levels in relation to the original ground floor.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>This building is important for its association with owner Joseph Wendelin Heckelmann, successful businessman and local councillor; with notable Brisbane merchandising firm Benjamin Bros; and with long-term tenant J Leutenegger.</p><br>
<p>Williamston Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Williamston, Martin County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 31 contributing buildings in the central business district of Williamston. They include notable examples of Greek Revival, Colonial Revival, and Romanesque architecture in buildings dated from the mid-19th century through the 1920s. Located in the district is the separately listed Martin County Courthouse. Other notable buildings include the Docton W. Bagley Building ,  Peoples Bank , Watts Theatre , the Tar Heel Apartments , the Flatiron Building, and the United States Post Office . The post office contains a mural, First Flight of the Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk, by Philip von Saltza, painted in 1940 as part of the Works Project Administrations mural project.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Williamston Historic District is a national historic district located at Williamston, Martin County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 368 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 27 contributing structures in predominantly residential sections of Williamston. They include notable examples of Federal, Late Gothic Revival, and Colonial Revival architecture in buildings dated from the early-19th century through the 1940s. Located in the district is the separately listed Asa Biggs House and Site. Other notable buildings include the Williams-Knight House , Duggan-Godard House , Cushing Biggs Hassell House , James Daniel Leggett House , Stalls-Lee House , J. R. Leggett House , and Frank N. Margolis House .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Conoho Creek Historic District is a national historic district located near Hassell, Martin County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 77 contributing buildings, 6 contributing site, 5 contributing structures, and 2 contributing objects in a rural agricultural and woodland area of Martin County. They include notable examples of Federal, Georgian, and Greek Revival architecture in buildings dated from the early-19th century through the 1940s. Notable contributing resources include the Outterbridge-Everett Farm, Outterbridge-Briley-Purvis house, the Sherrod-Best-Fleming Farm, the Ballard-Hyman-Thomas Farm, the Ballard-Salsbury-Eubanks Farm, the Cherry-Council House, and the Haislip House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Everetts Historic District is a national historic district located at Everetts, Martin County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 84 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 1 contributing structure in the town of Everetts. They include notable examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Romanesque, and Bungalow / American Craftsman architecture in buildings dated from the 1870s through the 1950s. Most of the district’s extant historic buildings date from the early 1900s and 1910s. Located in the district is the separately listed Everetts Christian Church. Other notable buildings include the Simon Peter and Minerva Jane Everett House , Peel House , Barnhill’s Hardware and Grocery Store , the J. S. Peel Commercial Building , Taylor-Peel House , and the Everetts Community Building .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Dudleys Corner School House is a historic former school and civic building at the junction of Rosies Court  and Dudley Corner Roads in Skowhegan, Maine. With a possible construction date as early as 1804, was Skowhegans first site for town meetings and elections, also seeing use as a school and church. It was used primarily as a school between 1849 and 1921, and has been used since then by community groups. The modest Greek Revival building is the least-altered of Skowhegan&#39;s surviving 19th-century district schools, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Dudley&#39;s Corner School is set on a grassy triangle of land bounded by Rosies Court (formerly part of Parkman Road prior to a bridge closure), Dudley Corner Road, and United States Route 2, about 3 mi east of the Skowhegan village center. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a front-facing gable roof, clapboard siding, and a granite slab foundation. A single brick chimney rises from the north end of the building. The main entrance is off-center on the south side, with a transom window overhead that has elliptical muntins. There are two sash windows on each of the other three sides of the building. The doorway leads into a small vestibule area, which then opens into a single large chamber. Three walls have vertical wainscoting with plaster on lath above, while the fourth wall is completely finished in tapered wooden boards. The ceiling is plastered. The room shows evidence of repeated alteration.</p><br>
<p>The first school building at this site was constructed in 1804. It is unclear whether the present building is a replacement or a rehabilitation of that first building, since records pertaining work performed in 1835 are unclear. According to a local history, the Dudley&#39;s Corner School was the site at which most town meetings and elections were held between 1828 and 1848, and also housed meetings of the First Christian Church before it moved into the village. Between 1849 and 1921 the building served the community as a school. It was used as a function space in the 1930s and 1940s by the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and more recently by local Boy Scout organizations. It continues to be owned by the town.</p><br>
<p>The Ellsworth Power House and Dam, the latter also known as the Union River Dam, is a hydroelectric power generation facility on the Union River in Ellsworth, Maine. The dam, located just north of downtown Ellsworth, impounds the river to create Leonard Lake, named for project&#39;s engineer, James Leonard. The powerhouse is a Renaissance Revival building located at the western end of the dam. The power plant, built in 1907, was one of the first peaking power plants built in the state, and the hollow concrete dam is one of the highest Ambursen-type buttress dams ever built. The facility was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ellsworth Dam is located between two bluffs which flank Maine&#39;s Union River, and rise to a height of more than 100 ft. The dam consists of a series of buttresses, spaced about 15 ft apart, which provide support for two large slabs of steel-reinforced concrete that span the river between the bluffs. The dam is 71 ft in height, with a spillway 60 ft long. The buttresses, set on a granite bedrock ledge, are three feet thick.</p><br>
<p>The power station is located at the base of the dam on the west bank of the river. It is a 1-1/2 story structure built out of concrete blocks, with a red tile gabled roof. The Renaissance Revival structure has round-arch windows which are connected by a stone belt course, and there are Palladian windows in the gable ends. An addition on the building&#39;s rear was built with similar styling.</p><br>
<p>The power station was built in 1907 by the Bar Harbor and Union River Power Company, to designs by its engineer, James Leonard. The company was merged in 1925 into the Bangor Hydro-Electric Company, now part of Emera. The plant was acquired by Black Bear Hydro in 2009, and sold to Brookfield Partners in 2013. The dam is in the process of being relicensed; its most recent permit expires in 2017. In its current configuration, the plant produces about 30,000 megawatt hours of electricity annually.</p><br>
<p>Mont Pelat , is a mountain of the Maritime Alps located in the chain of mountains between the high valley of Verdon to the west, the high valley of Var to the east and the Bachelard valley in the North. Located in the department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, it gives it name to the Pelat Massif. The summit is located in the central area of the Mercantour National Park. It is known as being one of the easiest of the 3,000m Alpine peaks to climb. It overlooks the magnificent glacial Allos Lake, the largest mountain lake in Europe which is 2,227 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The normal access route is through the valley of Pelat, located southeast of the summit and accessible both from Lake Allos and from the Col de la Cayolle. The path presents no particular difficulty. On the summit, the view stretches from the Montagne Sainte-Victoire in the south to Mont Blanc in the north.</p><br>
<p>The Carter–Jones House is a historic house located at 30 Carter Street in Yellville, Arkansas.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story structure, built of logs and wood framing, and finished in clapboards. Its appearance is largely the result of major alterations made in 1901 to what was probably a dog trot log structure built in 1847. The only visible elements of the older structure are to be found in the basement of the building, which otherwise appears to be a stylish turn-of-the-century Queen Anne Victorian. The 1901 expansion was made by Perry Carter, a prominent local businessman and politician, and the house was also home to his son-in-law, W. R. Jones, publisher of the Mountain Echo, the local newspaper.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 21, 1987.</p><br>
<p>Castleton is a hamlet in the town of Castleton, Rutland County, Vermont. Its population is approximately 4,000. A large portion of the village is part of the Castleton Village Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Castleton Village is located in the south-central part of the town of Castleton, on the south side of the Castleton River, about midway between Rutland, Vermont and Whitehall, New York. Main Street runs east-west through the village, designated Vermont Route 4A; United States Route 4, a limited-access highway, runs east-west on the north side of the river. The village center is at North Road and South Street, which provide access to rural parts of the town; Vermont Route 30, the principal north-south artery in the town, is west of the village. The village has one active rail line, running east-west north of Main Street, that presently carries the Amtrak Ethan Allen Express, stopping at the station at the east end of the village.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Castleton Village was settled in the early 1770s, and Main Street was laid out in 1772 as the principal east-west route in the region. In 1775 the village is where Ethan Allen mustered the Green Mountain Boys for the Capture of Fort Ticonderoga, early in the American Revolutionary War. Castleton College was founded in 1787, and Castleton Medical College was founded in 1818, both located on the south side of Main Street.</p><br>
<p>The town was prosperous in the 19th century because of the marble and slate industries, and benefited from the construction of two railroad lines in the 1850s. Around the turn of the century the tourist industry, serving summer trade at Lake Bomoseen, resulted in the construction of hotels and other service facilities. The village was devastated by a series of fires in the 1910s, which destroyed a number of landmark buildings. Most of the village was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for its 19th-century architectural character.</p><br>
<p>Leavenworth Riverfront Community Center was a former Union Pacific railroad station located in Leavenworth, Kansas, United States. It is also known as the Old Union Depot when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1987. It is currently known as the Leavenworth Riverfront Community Center.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built as a Union Pacific Railroad Depot in 1888 by James A. McGonigle, to a design by the Chicago architecture firm Cobb and Frost.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, V.B. Greenamyre and Family sold the building to the city of Leavenworth. Using funds from a bond issue, the depot was renovated with a basketball gym, cardiovacular fitness room, weight and strength training room, raquetball courts, an indoor pool, activity rooms, meeting rooms and a 1/10-of a mile indoor walking track. The facility opened to the public in 1988, 100 years after its construction.</p><br>
<p>A newer South Wing Room was remodeled in 2012. The facility&#39;s brick and sandstone exterior began renovations in 2014. The city of Leavenworth received a grant from the Kansas State Department of Transportation in 2010 to replace the sandstone</p><br>
<h2>Current facility</h2><br>
<p>The Leavenworth Parks and Recreation Department staffs this facility and manages maintenance, room rentals and activity programs. It is open Monday through Friday from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m., Saturdays 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and Sundays 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.</p><br>
<p>The San Carlos River  is a river in the Alajuela Province of Costa Rica that drains into the San Juan River and thus into the Caribbean Sea. Its basin covers an area of about 3,100 km2. The river has a length of 142 km of which about 60 km allow navigation. The river originates from the confluence of the Jabillos River and Peje River both originating on the eastern side of the Cordillera de Tilarán and traverses the San Carlos Canton. It meets the San Juan River close to Boca San Carlos.</p><br>
<p>Tributaries include:</p><br>
<p>Platanar River, (Rio Platanar)</p><br>
<p>Arenal River, (Rio Arenal)</p><br>
<p>Penas Blancas River, (Rio Penas Blancas)</p><br>
<p>Tres Amigos River, (Rio Tres Amigos)</p><br>
<p>The basin has both economic and touristic importance. Rice, corn, beans, cane sugar, and pineapple are grown within it, also live stock produces milk and meat. In addition, there are touristic attractions, some are in the area of the Arenal Volcano: hiking, river tours, hot springs, and ecotourism. The average rainfall in the basin ranges from 3.500 to 4,500 mm and the temperature between 22 and 28 degrees C.</p><br>
<p>A number of wildlife refugee areas are part of the basin, including the Tenorio Volcano National Park, Juan Castro Blanco National Park, Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve and the Maquenque National Park. Development with deforestation and hunting are a threat to the natural habitat of the basin.</p><br>
<p>BAFS Building is a heritage-listed former pharmacy at 331 & 333 George Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Lange Leopold Powell and built from 1915 to 1916 by B Cunningham. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 February 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Brisbane Associated Friendly Societies&#39; (BAFS) Building was officially opened in 1916 as a pharmaceutical dispensary and headquarters of the Brisbane Associated Friendly Societies. The building is located on the corner of George and Turbot Streets in Brisbane city and was designed by the notable local architectural firm, Chambers and Powell. It was the fourth city building occupied by the BAFS and the first that the society constructed themselves. The BAFS has had a presence in Brisbane city since 1885. A focal point for friendly societies throughout Queensland and the thousands of members they served, BAFS was an important force in health care in Queensland up to the mid twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>Queensland&#39;s first friendly society was established in 1843, members paid a monthly fee and were then entitled to claim sick and funeral benefits as necessary. Friendly Societies had emerged in Britain in the late eighteenth century as the country industrialised and a new class of urban worker emerged. Originally formed with the purpose of organising recreational activities for city workers, Friendly Societies soon grew into self-help organisations where members pooled their resources and helped each other out in times of need.</p><br>
<p>During the 1860s, membership of Friendly Societies flourished in Australia and the Societies expanded their services, contracting doctors to provide consultations to their members and beginning to provide free medicines. The medical fraternity became increasingly alarmed at the expansion of Friendly Societies and the threat they perceived to their profession. In response, the Societies amalgamated further, with the aim of providing even more comprehensive services. They aimed to offer greater choice of doctors and services, in premises they owned themselves. Pharmacists were less "protectionist" than doctors and Associated Friendly Societies (AFS) dispensaries were established throughout the capital cities of Australia.</p><br>
<p>The first BAFS dispensary was set up on 1 January 1885 in a small room in the Oddfellows Hall in Charlotte Street. At this time, the BAFS had 1200 members and incorporated nineteen Lodges. In 1893, a South Brisbane dispensary was opened by the BAFS. The next year the city dispensary moved to designated premises at 217 Queen Street. The dispensary stayed there until 1905 when it moved again to 344 Queen Street, in one of the premier retail blocks in the city.</p><br>
<p>In 1909, the BAFS celebrated its Silver Jubilee, its membership was 7185 and it now incorporated 100 Lodges. The same year, they established their third dispensary in Fortitude Valley. At the Annual Meeting in February 1915, it was reported that the membership had reached a total of 13,000 and that the property on George Street had been secured at the cost of £4080 for the purposes of building their own premises. A prospectus was prepared and sent out to all member Lodges, inviting them to support the building project through a debenture scheme. Debentures worth £12,000 were issued, the response from the Lodges was overwhelming and the amount was oversubscribed. Chambers and Powell Architects were commissioned to design the building and the Foundation Stone was laid on 4 September 1915.</p><br>
<p>Lange Powell was the designer of the building as his partner Claude Chambers had moved to Sydney in 1915. Powell responded to the toast to "The Architects and Builders" at the opening ceremony. Powell went on to do further architectural work for the BAFS, such as re-furbishing the building they purchased in 1919 at 146 Wickham Street, Fortitude Valley. Powell was an eclectic architect who understood well the design canons of the styles of the Interwar period. The best known of his surviving city buildings demonstrate considerable stylistic literacy, for example, the Ann Street Masonic Temple in Ancient Classical style and St Martins Hospital in Arts and Crafts style. The design of the BAFS Building has stylistic similarities, albeit on a smaller scale, with other examples of his commercial work in the city, such as Perry House, Preston House and Exton House.</p><br>
<p>The George Street building was designed as a "head dispensary", intended to showcase the success and progress of the BAFS. The inscription of "1885-1916" on the George Street facade clearly reflected the Society&#39;s desire to maintain links with their history in Brisbane. A souvenir booklet written in 1916 claimed "it stands as a monument to the enterprise and progressiveness of the Associated Friendly Societies and is an acquisition to the architecture of George Street and the city, generally". The building had three floors and a basement, the whole of the ground floor, at street level, was occupied by the dispensary, the first floor accommodated offices for lease and the third floor contained two large rooms for use for meetings by the Board of Management and Lodges. The building, constructed by B Cunningham, had been completed at a cost of £11,707 15s 7d.</p><br>
<p>By the 1920s, the battle that had been raging between doctors and Lodges over who should control medical care had been largely won by the doctors due to the formidable fight waged by the British Medical Association - a dispute that had consequences across Australia. The BAFS Medical Institute, a collection of doctors who worked for the BAFS management committee considered amalgamating with the dispensaries but did not, effectively ending the connection doctors had with the BAFS.</p><br>
<p>Dispensaries, however, continued to flourish and the 1920s was characterised by strong growth. BAFS purchased their own premises in Fortitude Valley and South Brisbane; however George Street attracted over half of the total sales and over 60% of the total number of prescriptions for most of the decade. The interwar years were the "golden age" for the BAFS. The building was a hub of Lodge activity, the shops and offices of the "BAFS Chambers" were constantly let and included tenants such as a milliner, a masseuse and a car hire firm. There was also an Honorary Dentist and Honorary Optician who were paid a salary by BAFS and provided free services to members until at least 1940. One half of the top floor was used as a hall by Lodges who did not have their own premises, as well as for BAFS annual and quarterly meetings and a variety of social events such as smoke concerts.</p><br>
<p>The BAFS is now known as Friendly Care Chemists and has pharmacies in six locations across Brisbane, including George Street. The head office of the Society is still at George Street; however, both the Fortitude Valley and Woolloongabba premises have been sold. Only a small number of the offices are used and tenants include a barber, doctor and modelling agency.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The BAFS Building is a three storey building with basement, constructed of load-bearing masonry that accommodates a pharmacy and offices. The building has sculptured, parapetted facades to both George and Turbot Streets which feature carefully detailed Classical and Art Deco-style decorative elements. The bottom half of the building is smooth-rendered and painted in a cream colour, which is also used on the mouldings around the windows and in bands on the corners of the building to simulate quoining. The first floor windows are set within wide arched openings which have exaggerated moulded keystones that connect to the sills of the upper floor windows. The upper floor windows have moulded surrounds with Art Deco-style decoration at the top that comprises a stepped pattern around a central keystone. The first floor windows are multi-paned casements with arched heads and at upper level are multi-paned sashes, all have deep sills. Air conditioning units have been inserted into some of the first floor windows.</p><br>
<p>The George Street facade is symmetrically composed, with a central feature at upper level of a small balcony supported on corbels with a wrought iron balustrade. A pair of French doors, surmounted by a fanlight, open out on to this balcony. A round window decorated with festoons is directly below the balcony, followed by another small square window directly below this. A sign is located at the top of the facade, with the raised lettering "B.A.F.S Dispensary 1885-1915" The sign sits upon a short and simple entablature with prominent dentils. Mortar and pestles are mounted at each corner of the facade.</p><br>
<p>The Turbot Street elevation is more simple but also has a high degree of symmetry. The corners of the parapet are stepped and scalloped and there is a central semi-circular cut-out in the centre of the parapet. There are three horizontal bands of five windows, at street level they are high level narrow horizontal windows. Two downpipes with prominent rainwater heads are located either side of the central window and the entrance door is located off-centre beneath the second last line of windows, towards the back lane.</p><br>
<p>The pharmacy is located at street level with a recent shopfront of sliding glass doors to George Street. A deep awning returns around the corner a short distance into Turbot Street and is supported by iron tie-back rods. A doorway situated within the chamfered corner at street level, is no longer used. The Turbot Street elevation follows the slope of the street and a service laneway is located at the rear of the building. The slightly recessed entrance to the offices (BAFS Chambers) leads to a small vestibule and concrete stairwell providing access to the upper floors. The open well stair with two quarter landings has cast iron newel posts, timber balusters and a curved timber hand rail. A doorway from the back of the pharmacy also opens into the stairwell.</p><br>
<p>The enlarged landing of the staircase serves as an anteroom for the first floor offices, adjacent to this is an external light well. An arched doorway leads to a hallway on the left that provides access to the BAFS offices and a small barbershop. The hallway terminates in large double doors that facilitate loading from the rear laneway, a similar loading area is also located at the top floor. A kitchenette and toilets are located in the north-east corner of the building and have some original fittings. The hallway to the right leads to the BAFS Boardroom and several offices, some of which are occupied by doctors and others which are vacant. Partitions in this area are generally fibro-cement sheeting with simple timber joinery and glass in the upper third section of wall There are some suspended tiled ceilings and timber floors are carpeted throughout.</p><br>
<p>The northern end of the upper floor of the building has a similar floor plan to the first floor and contains offices and toilet and kitchen facilities. The former hall is located at the southern end. This is a large, well-lit, uncluttered space with an open ceiling with timber trusses and polished timber floorboards. French doors lead to the small balcony overlooking George Street. The upper floor is currently leased by a modelling agency who have fitted a reception area at the top of the stairwell.</p><br>
<p>The basement is accessed from an area at the back of the pharmacy which also contains an office, kitchenette, loading dock and large general storage area. The basement occupies the entire space of the ground floor and is partially subterranean. There is a regular pattern of columns and rows of storage shelves. A vault where medicines and pharmaceutical materials were previously stored is located in the space underneath the upper stairwell. Toilets are located in the north-east corner with a loading area adjacent.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>BAFS Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 February 2002 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The BAFS Building is important in demonstrating the evolution of Queensland&#39;s history, representing the development of and changes in, the provision of health care in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Queensland. It demonstrates the growth and popularity of Friendly Societies as a means for working-class people to provide for their health needs, prior to the development of Government welfare and health care.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The BAFS Building demonstrates rare aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage, being surviving purpose-built premises constructed by an association of Friendly Societies to accommodate a diverse range of their activities.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The BAFS Building is important because of its aesthetic significance, designed by prominent interwar Brisbane architect Lange Powell and demonstrating a high degree of design accomplishment. The building&#39;s carefully designed facades make a contribution to the streetscapes of both George and Turbot Streets.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The BAFS Building has a strong and special association with Brisbane Associated Friendly Societies for social and cultural reasons. The construction of the building represented a high point in the efforts and success of the BAFS and it was a civic icon in Brisbane for many years, renowned in Queensland as a source of competitively priced and high quality drugs. The building was a focus and gathering point for a large number of Friendly Societies and their members, used for meetings and social occasions.</p><br>
<p>Austral Motors Building is a heritage-listed former automobile showroom at 95 Boundary Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Lange Leopold Powell and George Gerald Hutton and built from 1923 to 1925 by Blair Cunningham. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 11 April 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The former Austral Motors Building, which closes the vista at the end of Upper Adelaide Street, Petrie Bight, is located on the Fortitude Valley side of Boundary Street at the northern end of the Brisbane central business district. Constructed in 1924–6 for the Austral Motors Company, it has a close association with the 20th century interwar re-development of the Petrie Bight area as an important warehousing precinct and motor vehicle servicing and distribution district.</p><br>
<p>Petrie Bight is a sharp curve in the Brisbane River at the northern end of the Town Reach. The name is derived from the association of the area with early Brisbane builder Andrew Petrie, who established his workshop and residence at the corner of Wharf and Queen Streets.</p><br>
<h3>Early Petrie Bight land use</h3><br>
<p>Surveyor Henry Wade, on his 1844 Map of the Environs of Brisbane Town, identified the Petries Bight area south of Boundary Street and east of Queen Street as "Reserved for Dry Dock". Surveyor Galloway did the same on his 1856 Plan of the Suggested Extension of the Town of Brisbane. At this time the surrounding area was sparsely occupied, with Andrew Petries house and factory at the corner of Wharf and Queen Streets; Dr Hobbs house (now St Johns Deanery) a little further north in Adelaide Street; the original Customs House in Queen Street, beside the Brisbane River; and a ferry jetty just north of the Customs Houses.</p><br>
<p>A map of Brisbane Town showing the new town boundaries no longer labelled Petrie&#39;s Bight as a reserve for a dry dock (no dry dock was ever established there), but the site remained unsurveyed Government land. An early track (the northern end of Queen Street) ran through this land, branching off in three directions to New Farm, Fortitude Valley and the northwest end of Spring Hollow.</p><br>
<p>Under the provisions of the Brisbane Gas Company Bill 1864 the Queensland Government granted to the Company a site bounded by what are now Ann, Boundary and Macrossan streets and a 160-metre frontage to the Brisbane River, as the site for Brisbanes first gas works. This was the northern half of the Government land at Petries Bight. Gas production commenced there in 1865, providing the Brisbane Municipal Council with a regular supply of gas for street lighting. By the early 1870s the demand for gas for domestic consumption was outstripping supply, and in the mid-1870s a second gasometer was constructed on the site. In 1873 the Brisbane Gas Company gained a formal deed of grant to the Petrie&#39;s Bight land, an area of 4 acres 17.5 perches (1.66ha), which the Company had purchased from the Government in May 1873 for £4,300.</p><br>
<p>An April 1873 a survey plan titled Survey of Site of Gas Works and Adjacent Crown Land Shewing Road Through Same indicates that by this date the gas works site was fenced along the entire length of its land boundaries, but that through this the government had just surveyed a 20 feet wide road between Macrossan and Boundary streets, which later became an extension of Adelaide Street. Photographs from the 1860s and early 1870s show a tall paling fence around the perimeter of the gas works, prohibiting public access. Early Brisbane resident Victor Drury, writing in The Courier-Mail in 1939, recalled: "When Adelaide Street was extended to Boundary Street, there were turnstiles there, and only pedestrians could use the path as a short cut to Queen Street."</p><br>
<h3>River wharfage</h3><br>
<p>In the early 1840s wharfage in Brisbane was concentrated along the South Brisbane Reach of the Brisbane River, but within a decade had extended to the Town Reach further downstream, which soon rivalled South Brisbane in terms of shipping activity. An 1849 decision to locate Brisbanes first purpose-built Customs House at the northern end of the Town Reach acted as the impetus for the development of wharves on this part of the river. The Commissariat Store below William Street, which had served as Brisbanes first customs facility, was replaced in 1850 by a new customs building on the site of the present Customs House, Brisbane in Queen Street, at Petrie&#39;s Bight. (This in turn was replaced in 1886-89 by the current building.) During the 1850s and 1860s, a number of shipping companies and private investors constructed wharves and warehouses between the Customs House and Alice Street, near the City Botanic Gardens.</p><br>
<p>Construction of a Government wharf (Kennedy Wharf) at Petries Bight north of the Customs House commenced in 1875 was completed in 1877 and was leased to private shipping firms. In 1880 the Brisbane Municipal Council acquired the wharf and immediately extended it northward. In 1884 the Council also constructed a wharf at the end of Boundary Street, and in the mid-1880s William Collin established his own wharf at Petries Bight, just downstream from the Councils Boundary Street wharf. Purchase of land from the Brisbane Gas Company in 1902 gave the Council control of the river frontage from the Customs House to Boundary Street, and between 1913 and 1916 the Council constructed reinforced concrete wharves between Macrossan and Boundary Streets, and between Kennedy Wharf and the Customs House. The whole of the Councils wharfage at Petrie&#39;s Bight was subsequently renamed Circular Quay Wharves.</p><br>
<p>Between 1900 and 1912 Brisbane Wharves Ltd established wharves at Petries Bight from Boundary Street to Bowen Terrace, rivalling the Councils Circular Quay facilities in importance. Principal investors in the Brisbane Wharf Company were Howard Smith and William Collin and Sons. From the late 1890s, Howard Smith and Company Ltd occupied the Councils Boundary Street Wharf at Petries Bight and in the early years of the 20th century leased the adjacent new wharves constructed by Brisbane Wharves Limited at the base of the New Farm cliffs, below Bowen Terrace. These wharves were extended in the 1920s, and in the 1930s were resumed by the Queensland government for the construction of the Story Bridge.</p><br>
<h3>Adelaide Street widening</h3><br>
<p>In the early 20th century the roads to Petrie&#39;s Bight were improved significantly by the Brisbane City Council, providing an important impetus for the construction of new warehouses in the Upper Adelaide Street area.</p><br>
<p>Under the provisions of the City of Brisbane Improvement Act 1916 and the Local Authorities Act Amendment Act 1923 the Brisbane City Council contributed significantly to the 1920s building boom, with a programme of city beautification and street improvements, including the cutting down and widening of several of the principal thoroughfares. The 1916 Act empowered the City Council, with the approval of the Governor-in-Council, to resume land simply by passing a resolution to the effect that resumption was necessary. Property rights on resumed lands were then converted into compensation rights. The 1923 Act further facilitated this process by exempting all improvements made to a property after resumption notices had been issued, from the payment of compensation.</p><br>
<p>From 1923 to 1928 the Brisbane City Council implemented its most ambitious town improvement scheme to that date: the widening of Adelaide Street by 14 feet along its entire length. Resumptions in Adelaide Street had commenced in the 1910s, but work on the street widening did not take place until the 1920s. The work was undertaken in stages, commencing in 1923 at the southern end where the new Brisbane City Hall was under construction. Some buildings had the front section removed and a contemporary facade installed on the new road alignment. Elsewhere, earlier buildings were demolished and substantial new structures took their place. At the northern end of Adelaide Street the cutting down of the hill below St John&#39;s Cathedral in 1928 facilitated greater access to Petrie Bight, which, close to new city wharves at the end of Boundary Street, boomed in the 1920s as a warehousing district.</p><br>
<p>By 1921 Queensland was poised to resume the economic boom interrupted by the First World War (1914–18). In the period 1922-1928, Queensland experienced its first and last economic boom between the outbreak of war in 1914 and the 1950s. The benefits of the boom economy were reflected throughout the State, but nowhere more so than in Brisbane, with 29% of the Queensland population in December 1924. In physical terms the boom was expressed in a spate of building activity that transported the central business district of Brisbane into the 20th century, shedding its late Victorian image.</p><br>
<p>The take-off in the building industry was evident during 1922-23, reflected in an active central business district real estate market, and prompting the Brisbane City Council to re-assess central city rateable values in 1923. By September 1925 property in Queen Street, the principal retail and financial street of Brisbane, could be acquired only at highly inflated prices, forcing investors into more peripheral locations such as Petrie&#39;s Bight. A fall in the price of building materials, combined with the trend in using concrete, a more economical product than brick, for large construction projects, further stimulated building activity.</p><br>
<p>From 1922 the business of re-building Brisbane assumed impressive proportions. Between 1923 and 1925, an average of 50 new commercial buildings a year were being constructed in Brisbane, contrasting markedly with the 8 constructed twenty years earlier in 1903. During 1925 the value of contracts for buildings in Brisbane, either in course of erection or in contemplation, was reported at £3,000,000. The Greater Brisbane City Council meticulously monitored progress through its building approvals process, statistics for which were released monthly from October 1925 to an eager local press. Construction peaked in 1926 with £3,411,285 worth of building works (new buildings, alterations and additions) approved in the Greater Brisbane area during the year. This included a substantial residential component. In 1927 the figure was around £2,823,000 and in 1928 just over £2,810,000.</p><br>
<h3>The motor car industry</h3><br>
<p>In the 1910s the increasing availability of motor vehicles began to revolutionise public, private and commercial transport. In Brisbane, activities associated with horse transport began to convert to activities associated with motor transport, as coach and carriage builders became motor vehicle repairers or retailers, and livery stables became parking and service stations. In this way, the Austral Carriage Works, established around 1907 by Uhlmann and Lane at 51 Adelaide Street, Brisbane, entered the motor trade shortly after the First World War. Austral Motors Limited became the sole agents in Queensland and the Northern Rivers for Dodge Brothers, an American firm that had manufactured motor cars since 1914 and light trucks since 1917. They were successful and by 1924 had two branches, with the Austral Carriage & Motor Works at Stanley Street in South Brisbane, and Austral Motors Distributors at Boundary Street, Spring Hill.</p><br>
<p>Queenslanders adopted motor vehicles with enthusiasm. Of the six Australian states, Queensland recorded the third largest number of motor vehicle registrations, 31,233, in 1923-24, behind New South Wales and Victoria. At the international level in 1923-24, Australia, with approximately 274,000 motor vehicle registrations, was fifth behind France (545,000), Canada (666,000), The United Kingdom (1,085,000), and the United States (15,400,000), and well ahead of Germany, in sixth place with 211,500 registrations.</p><br>
<p>Through the daily press, Brisbanites were exposed to a barrage of advertising from the motor vehicle industry, with regular features on aspects of motors and motoring. To accommodate this explosion of public interest in, and acceptance of, the motor vehicle, the number of Brisbane motor engineers&#39; agents, car manufacturers, car importers, and garages listed in the local postal directories increased from 89 in 1920-21, to 134 in 1924-25. This was accompanied by a corresponding increase in the number of motor vehicle accessory dealers, windscreen manufacturers, tyre dealers and motorcar body manufacturers.</p><br>
<p>By September 1925, the Brisbane City Council was raising the problem of providing parking for motor vehicles in the inner city. Purpose-built privately operated parking stations began to appear in the central business district from the mid-1920s. Numerous small garages and service stations also provided motor vehicle parking and car hire.</p><br>
<p>From the mid-1920s, Australias premier building and architectural trade journal, the Sydney publication Building, had printed articles on designing public and commercial buildings to accommodate motor vehicles. Much of the journals reference material came from the United States, which was leading the way in this type of design. Queensland architects had ready access to this and other architectural journals, and kept informed of the latest in international design developments.</p><br>
<p>In 1923 Austral Motors Limited engaged Brisbane architects Lange Leopold Powell and George Gerald Hutton to design a showroom and service station at Petrie Bight. The land on which the Austral Motors building was constructed was part of two larger parcels of land first alienated from the Crown in 1852 and was surveyed and subdivided, together with the adjacent lane, in April 1923. The new road, Dodge Lane, was approved in May 1923 and is believed to have derived its name from the firm&#39;s Dodge agency. Tenders for construction were let in August 1923, the successful tenderer being Blair Cunningham. The first stage, on the corner of Dodge Lane, was completed in March 1924 at a projected cost of £9,300 and occupied by Austral Motors Limited from 1 April 1924. The two-storeyed building was constructed largely of concrete and steel, with a floor space of approximately 20,000 square feet (1858m). Due to the slope of the land, both floors had street access. The Boundary Street level accommodated a motor vehicle show room. The upper level, accessed off Dodge Lane at the rear, was fitted out as the Dodge Brothers Service Station.</p><br>
<p>In 1925 the firm undertook substantial extensions to their premises. George Hutton, who briefly occupied the position of Queensland Government Architect in 1922 prior to joining Powell in partnership in 1922, established his own practice in 1924, and called tenders for site excavations for Austral Motors Ltd in late 1924, the contract being let by January 1925. By April 1925 William Richard Justers tender for additions and alterations to Austral Motors Ltd. had been accepted, but this appears not to have progressed, for by June 1925 Blair Cunninghams tender for the additions had been accepted. In July 1925 Austral Motors Ltd obtained Brisbane City Council approval for the construction, to cost £10,230.</p><br>
<p>The location was an excellent choice for a business of this type, being close to the city&#39;s main wharves at Petrie Bight, and in a location favoured by other motor vehicle retailers and ancillary businesses. The Evers Motor Co. Ltd had established a garage/paint shop at the eastern corner of Ivory and Boundary streets as early as, and by 1920 HS Simpson, motor painter, was located next door to Evers. About 1926/27 Evers constructed a three-storeyed brick motor shed, offices and workshops at the corner of Boundary and Ivory streets, and a single-storeyed brick parking and filling station adjacent in Ivory Street, known as the Super Parking Station. As warehousing activity in Upper Adelaide Street expanding during the 1920s, many buildings were occupied by firms connected with the motor vehicle trade and industry and with car hire and garaging. In 1928, Collin House, a purpose-designed parking station and garage and a four-storey brick warehouse for the Dunlop Rubber Company of Australasia Pty Ltd were constructed in the vicinity. Tyre sales, automotive electricians and spare parts suppliers formed a substantial proportion of tenants in buildings in upper Adelaide Street during the 1920s and 1930s.</p><br>
<p>In the second half of the 1920s Austral Motors expanded rapidly, due to the Queensland-wide economic boom that coincided with the increasing availability of and public interest in motor vehicles. By 1929 the company was operating from several addresses and two cities, with the Austral Carriage & Motor Works continuing at Stanley Street, South Brisbane; Austral Cars Ltd established at Adelaide Street, Brisbane; and Austral Motors Ltd located at Boundary St, Spring Hill and at Sturt Street, Townsville.</p><br>
<p>In 1939 Austral Motors Pty Ltd acquired title to the allotment along the eastern boundary of the Company&#39;s mid-1920s acquisitions.</p><br>
<p>In 1986 Austral Motors sold the property to the Sisters of Mercy in Queensland who own the adjacent All Hallows girls&#39; school. It continues its connection with motor vehicles and is leased out as a parking station as well as being used to park vehicles of All Hallows staff.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>A two-storey red face brick former motor showroom and workshop, the former Austral Motors Building occupies land on the ridge formed by Boundary Street at the north end of Adelaide Street. The site is bounded by Boundary Street on the south, Dodge Lane on the west, and adjacent allotments on the east and north.</p><br>
<p>Large fixed glass display windows (some now boarded up) in the Boundary Street shopfront take advantage of the approaching slope of Adelaide Street to feature the showroom to maximum effect. The building is also notable for the banks of windows that throw light into the showroom and workshop areas. Decorated with an applied white cement rendered panel with a dentilled cornice and a decorative central tablet, the parapet front to Boundary Street screens a double gable roof clad with corrugated metal sheeting. Tucked within the base of the tablet, a narrow rectangular rainwater head and downpipes drain the central box gutter of the roof. Banks of large timber framed casement windows with fanlights run across the upper storey of the front elevation, lighting the front of the workshop/office area of the upper storey. This fenestration is enlivened with the inclusion of a number of decorative windows with a pattern of radiating lights. A cantilevered awning projects over the footpath to Boundary Street sheltering the showroom shopfronts. Two roller door entrances provide vehicle access from Boundary Street to the showrooms. The pedestrian entrance off Boundary Street is boarded up.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor accommodates two spacious showrooms with high ceilings clad in fibrous cement panelling with timber cover strips, which are stained dark to provide a decorative contrast in the western section. The ceiling is supported by steel posts and beams clad with timber sheeting and embellished with decorative timber mouldings. The showroom to the west side is floored towards the front with red brown terrazzo, presumably to display cars to the best advantage. This area is notable for a pair of steel lattice trusses, which support the concrete floor above, and has stairs to the upper storey that are no longer in use.</p><br>
<p>Windows to the south, east and west light the upper storey, which also has a battened ceiling, though the central section is missing. This workshop level has two large entrances to each side of the building. The floor is concrete to the part of the workshop accessed by the west entrance; the balance of the floor is timber. The east opening accommodates a pair of substantial timber sliding doors. This level has offices and toilets and an enquiry counter near the rear entrance that opens on to a yard accessed from Antrim Street and Dodge Lane. The red face brick double gable parapet of the rear elevation screens the two gable roofs behind. An open lean-to-roof shelter projects out from north end of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Dodge Lane elevation in red face brick houses banks of timber framed casement windows with fanlights to both storeys. A solid timber sliding door to the middle of the elevation provides entry to the showroom level and access to the timber stair to the upper storey. A narrow rectangular fixed glass window is to the north side of this entrance. Lintels and sills are distinguished in rendered cement.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Austral Motors Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 11 April 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Austral Motors Building, erected in two stages 1923–25 as a purpose-designed motor vehicle show room and service depot, is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, in particular the Queensland-wide economic boom of the 1920s which transformed the appearance of the Brisbane central business district. During this period roads were straightened, widened and levelled; motorised vehicles congested inner city roads; the 19th century building stock was replaced by substantial brick or concrete commercial premises, many of which were designed around the motor car, such as parking stations and garages and motor show rooms; and most of the vacant land in the city centre was rapidly improved with substantial new brick buildings. At this period the Upper Adelaide Street district at Petrie Bight was developed as an important warehousing precinct, the development being facilitated by early 20th century initiatives of the Brisbane City Council, which included: constructing a formal wide road network, graded for motorised vehicular transport; encouraging the establishment of service lanes and alleys to allow for pedestrian and vehicle access to commercial buildings; and providing extensive new wharfage nearby at Circular Quay.</p><br>
<p>In particular, the former Austral Motors Building is important in illustrating the strong association of the Petrie Bight district with the early expansion of the motor vehicle trade in Queensland. Most of the warehouses in the area accommodated tenants or owners associated with the motor vehicle trade (including distribution, repairs and the provision of parts) or with motor vehicle servicing and parking.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The former Austral Motors Building is important as an early, rare surviving and remarkably intact purpose-designed mid-1920s motor show room and service station.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The former Austral Motors Building (1923–25) remains highly intact and is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a large, state-of-the-art motor vehicle show room of the interwar period. Its role as a sales and service facility is demonstrated by the spacious show rooms and the garaging facility at the rear for the servicing and maintenance of motor vehicles.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in illustrating the commercial work of leading Brisbane architects of the interwar period, Lange Powell and George Hutton, expressing the commercial priorities of the time.</p><br>
<p>Diamond Hill is a large hill south-east of Letterfrack in County Galway, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The 442 m high hill stands in a prominent position between the Ballinakill harbour (West) and the Twelve Bens range (East).</p><br>
<p>The top of the hill hosts a large cairn. It offers a view on a long stretch of Irish Atlantic coast, the Twelve Bens and the isles of Inishboffin and Inishark.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The English meaning of Binn Ghuaire is Guaire&#39;s peak; it is uncertain which Guaire is meant; it very likely relates to the surname rather than to the seventh-century king of Connachta, Guaire Aidni. The hill was also known as Bengooria, an anglicized form of the Irish name.</p><br>
<h2>Access to the summit</h2><br>
<p>The walk which leads from the National Park visitor centre (Letterfrack) up to the summit does not require any special hiking ability, but is advisable wearing a proper outdoor clothing and being reasonably well trained. The complete signposed walk is composed of a lower Diamond Hill Walk (3 km long) and an Upper Diamond Hill Walk (3.7 km long) which reaches the summit.</p><br>
<p>Diamond Hill is a popular walking destination and attracts both Irish hikers and foreign tourists.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>Diamond hill and its surrounding area is part of the Connemara National Park.</p><br>
<p>The Kineo Cottage Row Historic District encompasses a collection of seven summer resort cottages on the Mount Kineo peninsula, which juts into Moosehead Lake in the central Maine. The cottages were built between 1900 and 1912 as part of the Mount Kineo resort complex, one of interior Maine&#39;s most successful summer resorts of the early 20th century, and are its only major surviving component. The cottages were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Setting and history</h2><br>
<p>Moosehead Lake is the largest lake in New England, stretching north for 40 mi from Greenville, Maine. About half way up the lake stands Mount Kineo, which stands on a peninsula jutting west into the lake and rises 800 ft above it. A flat neck of land extends southward from the mountain, on which the Mount Kineo Resort was developed beginning in the 1880s. The resort included a large hotel (which burned down in the 1930s) built in 1884, a golf course, and the nearby Breakwater sporting lodge. In 1901 the resort management embarked on a campaign to build new "cottages" for lease to wealthy clients, hiring the architectural firm of Coombs and Gibbs for the purpose. The cottages were part of the resort&#39;s heyday years between 1910 and the 1930s, and of a revival period between 1947 and 1970. They were part of efforts later in the 20th century to restart the resort on a smaller scale. The seven cottages were sold entirely into private hands as part of a condominium association in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The cottages are situated in a row on the western shore of the peninsula. They all share architectural characteristics with each other, and with the main hotel building. Predominantly Shingle style in design, these buildings included corner towers typical of the Queen Anne style, hanging bay windows over concave shingled bases, and leaded glass windows. All have expansive verandas, and have a main entrance facing south, toward where the hotel stood. Most of the cottages share basic floor plan and layout with at least one other in the group, to the point where the Birch Cottage is a near duplicate of Fir Cottage. They are described below in order, from north to south, using names given to them in 1970, when the cottage property was subdivided from the rest of the resort.</p><br>
<h3>Fir Cottage</h3><br>
<p>Fir Cottage was built in 1901, and its design is unambiguously attributable to Coombs and Gibbs. Because of its position at the far north of the row on a sloping lot, it stands higher than the other cottages.</p><br>
<h3>Elm Cottage</h3><br>
<p>Elm Cottage was built in 1905 and altered in 1912. Originally L-shaped in plan, its tower was added in 1912, and the crook of the L was enclosed. Unlike most of the other cottages, it is predominantly finished in clapboards instead of shingles.</p><br>
<h3>Dogwood Cottage</h3><br>
<p>Dogwood Cottage, built sometime between 1901 and 1904, is essentially Dutch Colonial Revival in design, with a shingled exterior and Shingle style details. It has an engaged porch (giving the second floor more square footage), with turned posts and balusters in the Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<h3>Cedar Cottage</h3><br>
<p>Cedar Cottage is similar in its exterior styling to Dogwood, as a Dutch Colonial with Shingle features, with an interior layout that is nearly identical to that of Fir Cottage. It may have been designed by Coombs and Gibbs, or merely been an built on altered plans.</p><br>
<h3>Oak Lodge</h3><br>
<p>Oak Lodge, built in 1912 on the site of a former sporting clubhouse, was the last of the seven to be built, and is the only one designed as a duplex. Built at the same that an annex was built onto the main hotel, it has a distinct Craftsman flavor to its design, with ribbon windows and exposed rafter tails. The building&#39;s two units are mirror images, and have been at times combined into a single unit.</p><br>
<h3>Birch Cottage</h3><br>
<p>Built between 1905 and 1907, this building is a near replica of Fir Cottage, differing only in some details on the tower. Its interior has been altered to expose the interior truss system from which its second floor is suspended, enabling it to have a large living room without posts.</p><br>
<h3>Alpen Cottage</h3><br>
<p>Alpen Cottage was built in 1904, and may also be a Coombs and Gibbs design. It has a gambrel roof, and its porch is partially exterior and partially engaged, with Tuscan columns supporting the overhanging second story on that portion.</p><br>
<p>Lily Lake (also known as Long Pond or Beach Pond It is a natural glacial lake in Slocum Township and Conyngham Township. The lake is listed on the Luzerne County Natural Areas Inventory. It is inhabited by eleven species of fish, including alewives and bluegills. The lake has one boat launch.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>The elevation of Lily Lake is 1,010 ft above sea level. It has a surface area of approximately 160 acres and is an impoundment.</p><br>
<p>Lily Lake is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Nanticoke. It is situated in Slocum Township and Conyngham Township. The lake is near the community of Pond Hill. It is hydrologically connected to Cranberry Pond and the Folstown Mud Pond.</p><br>
<p>A total of 93 percent of the shoreline of Lily Lake is owned by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. The remaining 7 percent is private land. In 2014, Lily Lake was frozen until at least March 15. In 1904, the Atlantic Reporter described the lake as being non-navigable and elliptical in shape.</p><br>
<p>Lily Lake is a natural glacial lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lily Lake was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1179343.</p><br>
<p>Lily Lake is also known as Long Pond. This name appears in Patton&#39;s Philadelphia and Suburbs Street and Road Map, which was published in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Lily Lake was stocked with brook trout, brown trout, and rainbow trout in 1991. It was surveyed four times between 1994 and 2000. It was surveyed again by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission in 2013. The lake was surveyed once more on May 12, 2014 to examine the effects of alewives on the lake&#39;s largemouth bass population.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>Lily Lake is listed on the Luzerne County Natural Areas Inventory.</p><br>
<p>Eleven species of fish were observed by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission in Lily Lake in 2013. A total of 365 alewives were caught, as were 333 bluegills with lengths of 2 to 9 in. 93 black crappies from 3 to 16 in in length were observed, as were 53 brown bullheads from 10 to 15 in in length and 36 golder shiners from 3 to 10 in. The survey observed 22 chain pickerels from 13 to 25 in in length, 18 pumpkinseeds from 3 to 9 in in length, 12 yellow perches from 8 to 13 in in length, and 10 hatchery rainbow trout. It observed seven largemouth bass from 2 to 20 in in length and two northern pike from 20 to 25 in in length.</p><br>
<p>Since alewives were introduced into Lily Lake, bluegill populations have declined by 77 percent and black crappie populations have declined by 79 percent. However, the remaining black crappies are larger than they were prior to the introduction of alewives.</p><br>
<p>Odonate species inhabiting the area in the vicinity of Lily Lake include Aeshna clepsydra, Celithemis eponina, Libellula incesta, Ischnura kellicotti, and Sympetrum semicinctum. Plant species in the vicinity of the lake include Bidens discoidea, Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Schoenoplectus torreyi, and Utricularia intermedia. Species such as Elatine minima and Potamogeton robbinsii have also been observed near the lake in the past.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Icefishing and fishing can done on Lily Lake. The lake has one boat launch. However, no boats that are more than 18 ft long and have engines with no more than 60 horsepower are permitted on the lake. Boats on the lake are also required to travel at limited speeds between noon and sunset from the Saturday before Memorial Day until September 30 as of 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Hinteres Sonnwendjoch in the Austrian state of Tyrol is a mountain, and the highest peak of the Mangfall range, a subdivision of the Bavarian Prealps. Because the Brandenberg Alps to the south are lower, its summit offers outstanding views of the Central Alps despite its low elevation. The Hinterer Sonnwendjoch drops away steeply to the north into the Grund. The summit is made of main dolomite and, on the south side, of plattenkalk.</p><br>
<p>A long, but easy mountain hike from Valepp (890 m) in Bavaria leads up to the Bärenbadalm (1,590 m) and on to the summit. Considerably shorter, but also easy is the climb from Ackernalm south of the massif, which is easily reached on the toll road from Bayrischzell or Kufstein.</p><br>
<h2>Summit panorama</h2><br>
<p>The Lower Chindwin is an area of around seven or eight explosion craters, located some 30 km  northwest of the town of Monywa in the Sagaing Region, Burma .</p><br>
<p>The volcanoes originate from the late Pliocene and Pleistocene times. The craters are dormant (Smithsonian volcano number=275090). In the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution no information on Holocene eruptions, dating back 10,000 years, is listed.</p><br>
<p>The major rock types of the group are Basalt, Rhyolite, Dacite and Andesite.</p><br>
<p>Three to four craters have lakes, one of which is east of the Chindwin river, the others are to the west. The eastern lake is named Twin Taung (or Twindaung), the others Taung Pyauk, Twyn Ma and Yay Khar. In the lakes the cyanobacteria Spirulina (often called blue-green algae) grows. It is harvested, dried and sold as medicine.</p><br>
<p>At the end of 2014 it was reported that the Government of Myanmar planned to nominate Twin Taung Lake for inclusion on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.</p><br>
<p>The Pittsburgh Mercantile Company Building in the South Side Flats neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States,</p><br>
<p>was built in 1907 to 1908 and functioned as the company store for the nearby Jones and Laughlin Steel Company. It is currently used as an apartment building. The structure was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The original portion of the building, constructed during 1907 and 1908, is six stories tall, buff colored Roman brick with steel frame, with concrete floors and roof. Fronting on East Carson street, the main commercial road in the South Side Flats, it is 108 ft wide by 116 ft deep, with terra cotta first story wall cladding and cornice trim work. A three-story and mezzanine addition, 36 ft wide by 116 ft deep was built on the building&#39;s east side in 1936. A one story addition was added to the rear in 1950. The building has been renovated and rehabilitated several times, including 1967-1968 when it was purchased by Goodwill Industries of Pittsburgh for use as its headquarters, store, and workshop, and again in 2012 when it was converted to use as an apartment building.</p><br>
<h2>Company Store</h2><br>
<p>Though Pennsylvania had laws in place to keep industrial firms from owning company stores directly, these laws were easily evaded by having a separate corporation own the store; such was the case with J&L Steel and the Pittsburgh Mercantile Company. The original officers of the Pittsburgh Mercantile Company were the same as the officers of J&L. Arguments against the company store system, which had dated back to 1464 in England with what was there called the truck system, included the potential of abuse by paying workers in scrip, which could only be used at company&#39;s facilities. Arguments in favor included reducing the problems faced by immigrant workers that were unfamiliar with the language, customs, and problems of acquiring clothing, housing, and food, by setting up company housing and stores with payment in scrip.</p><br>
<p>Pittsburgh Mercantile Company ran a general purpose store at its South Side Flats flagship location, including groceries, dry goods, hardware, and home furnishings. At least seven other locations were established, including Aliquippa and California, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>While hearings, investigations and legislation to end the scrip/company store system continued through the Great Depression and beyond, the scrip system didn&#39;t end until 1950. The Pittsburgh Mercantile Company remained profitable for another decade after that.</p><br>
<p>Tower House is a former private house in the Withdean area of the English coastal city of Brighton and Hove. Built in 1902 for a former jeweller to King Edward VII, it remained in private ownership until it was converted into flats and a daycare centre in 1988. It is one of the few large houses and villas to survive in the high-class Withdean area—many were demolished in favour of blocks of flats after World War II—and it has been described as "Brighton&#39;s finest example of a grand Edwardian house". English Heritage has listed the building at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Withdean was originally an outlying hamlet in the large Sussex parish of Patcham, adjacent to Preston parish which was itself immediately north of Brighton. The area was merely "a scattering of farms" until the 19th century, when its position on the main road to London and extensive tree planting carried out from the 1790s made it an attractive place for wealthy people to build large houses and villas. The road was originally a turnpike and had a tollgate at Preston; after it was moved north of Withdean in 1854, people living to the south no longer had to pay tolls to travel into Brighton, further improving the desirability of the largely undeveloped land. Around the same time, the Withdean Strawberry Gardens were developed as an attraction for visitors (especially from Brighton, by now a rapidly growing resort) and residents. They were renamed the Tivoli Gardens in about 1852, and remained a popular attraction throughout the 19th century. By the end of the century, though, they were surrounded by large houses, and in 1888 they were sold off for development.</p><br>
<p>In 1902, the larger part of the Tivoli Gardens site was bought by 55-year-old James John Savage, former jeweller to King Edward VII, who wanted a large house to retire to with his family. He commissioned architects George Burstow & Sons</p><br>
<p>The Auxiliary Territorial Service requisitioned the house during World War II, but it was returned to the Berryman family afterwards and stayed in private ownership until 1988. In that year the house, its grounds and the adjacent Tivoli House (built to the immediate north of Tower House in 1903, and latterly a Brighton Borough Council residential home) were acquired by developers Cussins Green Homes. They demolished Tivoli House and built modern blocks of flats (Robinia Lodge and Tower Gate) and a terrace of houses on the site and in the grounds. Tower House itself was retained, though, and was converted into ten flats and a daycare centre. The exterior was restored at the same time, and Tower House now appears as it would have done when built. In November 2015, the council stated it was considering closing the day centre and moving the services offered to other locations or outsourcing them to the private sector. Impending cuts to Government grants were identified as the reason.</p><br>
<p>The upper floors of the building now have ten flats. One, the Crows Nest, covers four storeys including the tower and the space inside its lead-covered cupola. "One of Brightons most unique properties", it was put up for sale in 2007. In the same year, another two-bedroom flat in the building was on the market for £349,950.</p><br>
<p>Tower House was listed at Grade II by English Heritage on 26 August 1999. This status is awarded to "nationally important" buildings of "special interest". As of February 2001, it was one of 1,124 Grade II-listed buildings and structures, and 1,218 listed buildings of all grades, in the city of Brighton and Hove. The house is also within the boundary of the Preston Park Conservation Area, one of 34 conservation areas in Brighton and Hove. Originally designated in 1970 as part of the Preston Village Conservation Area, this was split into a separate area in 1988. The conservation area appraisal states that "the most regrettable aspect" of the late-20th-century development surrounding Tower House is the creation of a wide access road which breaks the long run of original boundary walls fronting London Road.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Tower House, "Brightons finest example of a grand Edwardian house", is an "imposing and richly detailed" building which—despite being set back from the main London Road—forms a local landmark due to its tall corner tower with a large lead cupola. This has ogee curves and sits on top of an octagonal timber roof lantern. The house is constructed of red brick in the Edwardian/Queen Anne Revival style. It rises to 3–4 storeys and has a six-window range. The four-storey tower at the south corner is recessed; the main building has a symmetrical façade composed of two projecting gabled wings with two-storey bay windows and a central recessed three-bay entrance wing. This has a porch in the form of a three-arched arcade, above which projects a wooden balcony. On the roof between the gables is a small dormer window with a curved gable on which is painted the year 1902 and the Savage familys monogram. Further back on the south side is a gabled single-storey conservatory. To the rear are another two gabled wings, the gables tile-hung and with cornices. There is also a wide ironwork veranda. Some original features survive inside, including an arched fireplace, decorative panelling and a Doric-columned arcade, but the central divided staircase and a stained glass ceiling which illuminated the entrance hall were removed during the renovations of 1988.</p><br>
<p>The house "contained all the necessary rooms for living in traditional Edwardian style. The auction particulars of 1934 stated that there were eight "principal" and four "secondary" bedrooms, "three bathrooms, four reception rooms, spacious hall, billiard room... garage, conservatory and outbuildings". Unusual features typically seen only in much more modern houses included an underfloor heating system and a combined bath and shower unit.</p><br>
<p>The Liberty Theater is a historic vaudeville theater and cinema in Astoria, Oregon, United States. The whole commercial building of which the theater is the major occupant is also known as the Astor Building, especially in the context of historic preservation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Opened in 1925 as the first theater to be re-established after the destruction of the Astoria fire of 1922, the Liberty Theater was seen as symbolizing the citys rebirth. Its Italian Renaissance architectural and decorative style was unique among Astorias commercial buildings and stood out from the rest of the post-fire reconstruction. Notably, the auditorium features a set of 12 mural-style oil-on-canvas paintings depicting Venetian canal scenes by local artist Joseph Knowles, extending the Mediterranean atmosphere of the architecture. The building was built for the theater chain of Claude Jensen and John von Herberg, one of over thirty venues they operated throughout the Pacific Northwest, and was designed by the Portland architectural firm of Bennes and Herzog.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 using the Astor Building name.</p><br>
<p>Albertus Ledbetter House is a historic home located near Montford Cove, McDowell County, North Carolina. The house was built for the family of Jonathan Ledbetter, a Revolutionary War veteran and pioneer settler. His son Albertus Ledbetter continued to live there as an adult.</p><br>
<p>The original section was built about 1826, and enlarged to its present size about 1836. It is two-story, side-gabled, timber frame dwelling with Federal style decorative elements. It features a one-story, full-width, shed-roofed porch. Also on the property are the contributing log smokehouse (c. 1826) and log spring house (c. 1826).</p><br>
<p>Vacant for years and in poor condition, the house was restored by a couple in 1999 who took great care in preserving its historical details. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Marley Beach  is an unpatrolled beach in the upper Royal National Park, on the outskirts of southern Sydney, Australia. The beach is one of eleven beaches located within the territory of the Royal National Park. The northernmost major beach in the Royal National Park, Marley is considered by Surf Life Saving Australia as the most hazardous unpatrolled beach in the park, and both surfing and swimming are not advised by both SLSA and the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. One of the largest beaches in the Sydney metropolitan area, Marley is also notable for the expansive sand dunes that lie behind the beach, which take up over 130,000 square meters.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Both Marley Beach and Little Marley Beach are remnants of a large chain of beaches that existed along the northern coast of the Royal National Park around 7000 years ago, with sand dunes that were as high as the cliffs that exist today. Sand dunes still exist to the north of Marley, near other famous landmarks in the region such as Wedding Cake Rock and the Bundeena Lookout.</p><br>
<p>On 16 May 1919, a steam powered collier, the S.S. Tuggerah, ran into a violent storm, and capsized around 2 kilometers off the coast near Marley Beach. Six crew, including the ship&#39;s captain, died while eleven survivors rowed a lifeboat to Port Hacking. The shipwreck, rediscovered in 1972, has since become one of the more popular diving spots off the Sydney coastline, though, due to the depth of the dive (75 metres), experience is recommended for people wanting to attempt a dive.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Marley Beach is a southeast-facing beach, approximately 360m in length. Neither swimming nor surfing is advised, with hazards including topographical rips, bluebottle and shark sightings. Rock platforms occupy the southern end of the beach, which has been used by many as a fishing spot. Behind the beach exists an extensive system of sand dunes, occupying over 130,000 square meters. While not as big as the Cronulla sand dunes, the area is still comparable to that of Sydney Cove. Lagoons and channels, running off from Marley Lagoon, run through the sand dunes, acting as a popular swimming spot, alternative to the Marley Beach surf. While the landscape and water flow of the dunes change constantly over time, there is usually a consistent body of water about 150 meters from the shore.</p><br>
<p>The Victor Holm Homestead is a historic late 19th-century homestead property in Kasilof, Alaska. The 1.4 acre property is located on Cohoe Road, on the west bank of the Kasilof River. The property was settled in about 1890 by Victor Holm, who built a rough log cabin on the property then, and later a more refined log structure in 1915. He also built a wellhouse, outhouse, and food storage cache that have survived. His original cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Victor Holm Cabin in 1977; this cabin was moved away from an eroding bluff in 2011 by the Kachemak Heritage Land Trust. The property is now owned by the Kachemak Regional Historic Association.</p><br>
<p>The entire property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Elms, also known as the Boardman J. Stevens House and the George W. Richards House, is a historic house at 59 Court Street in Houlton, Maine. Built c. 1872 as a fine example of Second Empire architecture, it underwent a significant alteration between 1906 and 1912 in which high-quality Craftsman styling was introduced to its interior. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Elms is set on the west side of Court Street (United States Route 1) south of Houlton&#39;s central business district, on a residential stretch of the road. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, three bays wide, with a mansard roof and clapboard siding. A single-story porch extends across the front, topped by a shallow hip roof and supported by paired paneled square posts. The house corners have paneled pilasters matching the porch post in detail. The roof is a flared bell-cast mansard roof with asphalt shingles, with dormers topped by segmented-arch gables and framed by decorative woodwork. A two-story ell extends to the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house, which follows a central hall plan, contains a mix of Second Empire and Craftsman styling. The former is represented by thick doors and high-profile trim around doorways and windows, while the latter includes embossed leather wall coverings, art glass windows, and decorative mahogany woodwork. The main staircase features a figured oak base, turned balusters, and sunburst carvings on the newel posts. The entry hall and living room both have pressed tin coffered ceilings. The living room has a fireplace decorated with brick and multicolored terra-cotta moulding and tile. The library, which was completely redone in the Craftsman style, with a coffered beam ceiling, a builtin secretary with leaded glass door, and wall sconces of iron and mica.</p><br>
<p>The Elms was built c. 1872 by Boardman J. Stevens, the owner of a local shoe and bootmaking shop, and originally included a carriage house. The property was purchased in 1901 by George W. Richards, a dry goods business owner who was one of Aroostook Countys most successful businessmen of the period. Richards was responsible for the renovation of the houses interior, and for widening the front porch. The property was for some time used as a boarding house, as evidenced by numbers on some of its bedroom doors.</p><br>
<p>The James Emery House, also known as Linwood Cottage, is a historic house on Main Street in Bucksport, Maine. An architecturally eclectic mix of Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, and Italianate styling, the house was built c. 1855 on a site overlooking the Penobscot River. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Emery House is sited on a rise north of Main Street, on the western fringe of the town&#39;s central business district. It is a two-story wood frame structure, with a cross-gable roof, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. Its main facade is divided into three major sections. The leftmost section has a front-gable roof, with broad pilasters and a polygonal projecting bay on the first floor, topped by a balustrade, with a Gothic arched window in the gable above. The center section consists of a large square tower, its upper portion finished in diamond-cut shingles. Its corners are pilastered similarly to the left section, and the tower is topped by a turned balustrade. The right section of the house has a side-gable roof, with an engaged porch supported by Greek Revival columns. A tall dormer projects to the front, with a Gothic arched window. The house has two tall brick chimneys, each of which has a projecting course, and a crenellated top.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1855 by James Emery, and it was, at the time of its listing in the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, still in the hands of his descendants. The only significant alteration to the exterior has been the removal of the uppermost stage of the tower. The building drew local notice when it was built, for its distinctive amalgamation of styles. Its designer is unknown.</p><br>
<p>The Gude House is a historic house located in Laurel, Maryland in Prince George&#39;s, Maryland, United States.</p><br>
<p>The property was originally part of Snowden&#39;s New Birmingham Manor. Mary Tyson and her sisters, who had opened a seminary in Washington, D.C. in the 1800s, opened their second ("Alnwick") seminary in southwest Laurel in 1855 on part of the Snowden property they purchased, and the Society of Friends provided a non-secular curriculum. This three-story brick building was featured in an 1852 lithograph; fire destroyed the seminary building in 1920.</p><br>
<p>The three-story brick building with a kitchen addition and second wing were built in 1856 by John D. McPherson who bought 50 acres of land just south of the Alnwick Seminary building from the Tyson sisters. In 1866 the property was expanded with 8 acres purchased from Samuel Register. In 1875, French horticulturalist Armand Jardin purchased the property, living onsite until 1904. In 1926, after a succession of short-term owners, William Gude purchased and restored the property which remained in his family until 1980. Gude was a greenhouse and retail flower shop owner.</p><br>
<p>The property was subdivided in 1988 for commercial office parks at Laurel Lakes with 1.3 acres and the Gude house remaining.</p><br>
<p>Tai Mo Shan is the highest peak in Hong Kong, with an elevation of 957 m. It is also the tallest coastal peak in Southern China and second tallest coastal peak in China after Mount Lao, and located at approximately the geographical centre of the New Territories.</p><br>
<p>The Tai Mo Shan Country Park covers an area of 14.40 km² around Tai Mo Shan. It is located to the north of Tai Lam Country Park. It is noted to have the 35-metre high Long Falls, the highest waterfall in Hong Kong.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The whole Tai Mo Shan mountain range, known as Guang Fu Mountain (官富山, named after the salt field Kwun Fu Cheung (官富場) in present-day Kowloon Bay) in Ming and Qing dynasties, covers over 350 square km, and stretches from Tai Lam Chung Reservoir in the West near Tuen Mun and Ma On Shan in the east and the mountains of Kowloon and Clear Water Bay in the south. Two other significant coastal peaks, the Lantau Peak (934m) on Lantau Island and Mount Wutong in Shenzhen (943.7m) are approximately 27 km to the southwest and 21.5 km to the northeast respectively.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>As a former volcano, that has long been extinct, Tai Mo Shan is composed of volcanic rocks from the Jurassic age. Today a small hill that is part of Tai Mo Shan, known as "Kwun Yum Shan", still vents warm air though cracks in the rocks that lead all the way to the mantle. The holes that exhale warm air are known as "hot pots". When the surface temperature is cold, and the warmth of the expelled air is clearly discernible, this phenomenon is referred to by locals as "dragon&#39;s breath". If the air temperature at the summit is 6 degrees Celsius, then the air emerging from the interior of Kwun Yum Shan is somewhere between 13 and 21 degrees Celsius. These "hot pots" are now just mild remnants of the intense superheated steam vents of the volcanic past. The volcanic rocks are mainly coarse ash crystal tuff.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Under the Köppen climate classification, Tai Mo Shan features a humid subtropical climate (Cwa), bordering a subtropical highland climate (Cwb). Due to the height of the mountain, Tai Mo Shan is claimed to be Hong Kong&#39;s most misty area, as it is often covered in clouds. In summer it is frequently covered with cumulus clouds, especially on rainy days, and in winter stratus clouds and fog often cover the peak. It is not uncommon for temperatures to drop below freezing point during the winter.</p><br>
<h2>Vegetation</h2><br>
<p>In the past, Tai Mo Shan was famous for a type of green tea, called mist or cloud tea, which grew wild on the mountain side. Occasionally, local people can still be seen picking the tea shoots for brewing green tea.</p><br>
<p>More than 1,500 species of plants have been recorded in Tai Mo Shan including 27 species of native wild orchids, the protected Chinese Lily (Lilium brownii) which mostly grows on the east side of the Mountain, 24 species of native ferns, including tree ferns, of which a total of only 4 tree ferns species have been recorded around the entire mountain, 19 species of native grasses, and 7 species of native bamboos.</p><br>
<p>Camellia sinensis var. waldenae (formerly Camellia waldenae) are also found on the mountain.</p><br>
<p>A few types of wild orchids also grow in the streams of Tai Mo Shan including the Chinese pholidota orchid, Hong Kong&#39;s most common orchid, and the bamboo orchid, so called because of a distinct stem that looks like bamboo, which also grows in the streams of Tai Mo Shan.</p><br>
<p>During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in World War II, most of the trees in the park were cut down and extensive reforestation was carried out after the war. Trees that were planted are mostly non-native such as Pinus massoniana, Acacia confusa, Lophostemon confertus, and paper bark tree. The area has now become one of the major forest plantations in Hong Kong.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Local wildlife comprises birds, snakes and butterflies. There are also freshwater crabs, feral dogs, feral cats, oxen and wild boar.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1986, a 34-hour blaze destroyed 282,500 trees at Shing Mun and Tai Mo Shan and ravaged 7.40 km² of countryside.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>It is rather easy to hike to the peak as there is a road all the way at a comfortable gradient. Visitors cannot access the highest point on Tai Mo Shan, as it is occupied by a Hong Kong Observatory (ex-RAF) weather radar station. It was reported in July 2014 that the station additionally houses facilities of the People&#39;s Liberation Army.</p><br>
<p>The St. Paul&#39;s Hill  is a hill in Melaka City, Melaka, Malaysia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hill was originally named the Melaka Hill when Parameswara established the hill and surrounding area as the administrative centre of Melaka. The area that time served as the settlement of seafarers who were mainly fishermen. The hill was then renamed to Mary&#39;s Hill during the Portuguese Malacca. The Portuguese developed the hill extensively starting 1511 and also built the A Famosa fortress to protect the hill and Melaka City from the attacks of the Dutch and Johor Sultanate.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Democratic Government Museum</p><br>
<p>Governor&#39;s Museum</p><br>
<p>Malacca Light</p><br>
<p>Melaka Literature Museum</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Church</p><br>
<p>Moncks Cave is a cave located in Redcliffs, Christchurch. It is notable for the amount of wooden artefacts discovered there in 1889 by workmen while quarrying for road metal.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cave was discovered in 1889 by workmen who were quarrying for road metal as had been done for several years prior.</p><br>
<p>The workmen cleared and dug through the base of the hill which led to the discovery of the entrance to the cave. Large amounts of cockle shells were discovered when the cave was opened. The cave was most likely closed by a landslide that occurred before European settlement. The cave showed evidence of previous fires by the amount of charcoal found on the roof.</p><br>
<h2>Artefacts</h2><br>
<p>One artefact found in the cave is a wooden ama, which is also known as an outrigger canoe. It was found in 1889, in the same year as the cave&#39;s discovery.</p><br>
<p>Other artefacts discovered include: a carved paddle, a canoe bailer, a wooden carving of a dog, fragments of a fishing net, a number of greenstone axe, an amount of black hair and bones of fish and moa which were found in another cave inside the main one. These artefacts have helped researchers learn about Maori culture. Due to the many artefacts found in the cave, it is considered to be one of the greatest archeological findings in New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>Merrill Hall, located at Main and Academy Streets in Farmington, Maine, is the oldest building on the campus of the University of Maine at Farmington. It was designed by George C. Coombs of Lewiston and built in 1898, replacing the school&#39;s original 1864 building, but includes an ell dating to 1888. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It currently houses administrative offices of the university.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>Merrill Hall is set on a rise facing Farmingtons Main Street to the west, just south of the towons central business district. It is a Romanesque Revival building 2-1/2 stories in height, constructed of brick with granite and wood trim. Its main facade is asymmetrically arranged, with a low round tower to the right, and a taller square tower to the left, the latter topped by a belfry and octagonal bellcast roof. The main entrance lies between them sheltered by a deep porch with three round arches. To the rear of the building is an attached 2-1/2 story brick ell, which predates the construction of the main block.</p><br>
<p>The University of Maine at Farmington was established as the "Western State Normal School" in 1864 as the state&#39;s first publicly-funded normal school. It was originally housed in the old wood-frame Farmington Academy building, to which the present rear ell was added in 1888. Demand for space and the deteriorating condition of the old academy building prompted its demolition in 1897, followed by the construction of the main building in 1898. The architect was George M. Coombs of Lewiston, a prominent architect who also designed many buildings in downtown Farmingtion and elsewhere in Maine.</p><br>
<p>The normal school was formally merged into the University of Maine system in 1971. Merrill Hall now houses space for the performing and visual arts.</p><br>
<p>Old Cony High School is a historic school building at Cony and Church Streets in Augusta, Maine. Built between 1926 and 1932, it is locally unusual for its flatiron shape, and its social history as the city&#39;s third high school building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Built between 1926 and 1932, the old Cony High School is a three-story wedge-shaped (or flatiron-shaped) building with Colonial Revival detailing. The curved entrance facade faces northwest, with Tuscan columns on a granite foundation. The unusual Colonial Revival style brick building was designed by local firm Bunker and Savage.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s, it was realized that the existing Cony Free High School was unable to accommodate plans for future enrollment. Construction was started on the Old Cony High School in 1926. The building was dedicated on November 12, 1930, but the third story was not finished until 1932.</p><br>
<p>The building was used as a school until 2006. At that time, a new school was built, and the city of Augusta maintained the empty old building as a heated storage facility at a cost of $75,000 per year.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the group Housing Initiatives of New England stepped forward to renovate the school into a living center for senior adults. With a tax credit from the Maine State Housing Authority, plus several grants, the project went forward to renovate the interior and exterior of the building, while preserving historic features. The historic Daniel Cony clock will remain in the building.</p><br>
<p>The building remains property of the City of Augusta, but the group Housing Initiatives of New England retains a long-term, 49-year lease for a fee of $1/year.</p><br>
<p>In July 2015, the renovated building was opened as Cony Flatiron Senior Residence, a senior housing complex. Some of the residents were formerly students at the high school.</p><br>
<p>The James S. Thompson House is a historical home located just outside New Boston, in Mercer County, Illinois. The two story brick Italianate house was completed in 1862, built by James S. Thompson, a successful local businessman. The property includes several outbuildings constructed at the same time as the house, including a wash house, wood storage house, and a privy, all made of brick. A wooden barn and wooden children&#39;s playhouse were also built by 1862.</p><br>
<p>Thompson died in 1868. Stanton V. Prentiss, a local farmer and cattleman rented the property from the estate starting in 1879 and purchased it in 1885.</p><br>
<p>The home is built in the Italianate style, 28 feet by 44 feet on the lower floor, 36 feet by 38 feet on the upper. A front gabled roof, cupola, and a basement that extents about five feet above ground combine to give the house additional stature. The floor plan is similar from basement to second floor, with the same 4 rooms (2 rooms on each side separated by a central hallway) on each floor. The privy is brick with four seats and a ventilation system.</p><br>
<p>The house and four contributing outbuildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Old Post Office and Court House is a historic former federal government building at 295 Water Street in downtown Augusta, Maine. Built in 1886-1890, it is one of Maine&#39;s finest surviving examples of Romanesque Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Design and Construction</h2><br>
<p>The former Post Office and Court House stands on the east side of Water Street, Augustas principal commercial downtown thoroughfare, at the southeast corner with Winthrop and Front Streets. It is a symmetrical 2-1/2 story granite structure with a central tower, flanked on either side by a wall and smaller tower. It was designed by Mifflin E. Bell (1846-1904), the Supervising Architect of the US Treasury Department. Bells term ended July 1887, and his successor William Alfred Freret finished the job, and the building opened in January 1890. The cost of construction was $178,281.20. It contained 427,600 cubic feet, was heated by steam, and contained a hydraulic freight elevator for post office use.</p><br>
<p>The building was enlarged sometime during the tenure of treasury architect James Knox Taylor (1897 to mid-1912).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was used as a courthouse and post office until the 1960s, when a new, larger federal building was constructed for these uses. The Old Post Office was sold as surplus property to a private owner. It was adaptively repurposed to house a bank, restaurant, and office, while largely preserving the exterior.</p><br>
<p>The Farm House is a historic summer estate at 15 Highbrook Road in Bar Harbor, Maine. The estate includes a 19th-century farmhouse which was extensively altered in the 1920s to Colonial Revival designs by Arthur McFarland, who also designed a caretaker&#39;s cottage on the property. The property also includes a series of garden spaces designed by Beatrix Farrand. This work was done for Mildred McCormick, an heir to the fortune of Cyrus McCormick, inventor of the combine harvester. The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Farm House is a 4.2 acre estate, set on the southwest side of the main village of Bar Harbor, south of Eden Street between Highbrook Road and Prospect Avenue. The property is divided into "rooms", separate garden spaces, laid out roughly from northeast to southwest. The Eden Street room is the most northerly, bordered at the roads by a log rail fence and separated from the front yard by a stone wall; it is a roughly square grassy area populated with old apple and maple trees, as well as pine and locust trees. The front yard is dominated by a circular gravel drive with flowering shrubs and specimen trees in the center, and several Euonymus bushes at the northern edge. Wooden steps lead to a flagstone terrace in front of the house. The steps are flanked by arbor vitae, with rosa rugosa bushes below the terrace. A lawn on the west side of the house has a stone wall at its southern edge, defining this room&#39;s edge on that side, while a cedar hedge marks the boundary to the east of the house.</p><br>
<p>The back yard is a formal garden space designed by Beatrix Farrand. It is bounded by the house and its west wing, a row of Euonymus to the east, and a cedar hedge to the south. Paths of pea-stone gravel form a cross, one leading from the house to the Farrand garden room to the south. Their intersection is marked by four globe arbor vitae. The Farrand garden, also a formal space designed by Farrand, is enclosed by a cedar hedge. It is mostly lawn, with a pergola at the eastern end which is covered with climbing roses and grapes. A large terra cotta amphora is set on the west side, in a bed of thyme. South of this room is an undesigned vegetable garden and orchard, planted with apple trees, some of antiquity.</p><br>
<p>The main part of the house is a typical 19th-century Cape house, with ells on either side, and a wing extending south on from the western ell. The house is finished in clapboards and rests on a cut stone foundation. The interiors were substantially altered by Arthur McFarlands designs during the 1920s, although some early Federal and Greek Revival features have been retained. McFarlands Colonial Revival features include extensive use of wood paneling, as well as the use of chair rails, picture rails, and crown molding. The property also includes a caretaker&#39;s cottage, built in 1929 to a McFarland design, and a later, more modern garage.</p><br>
<p>The Farm House property was purchased in 1916 by Robert Hall McCormick, and given to his daughter Mildred in 1922. She commissioned Farrand and McFarland to transform what had been a farm property into a summer estate. The designs of Farrand for the landscape received favorable notice in 1934 from the Garden Club of America, and the estate as a whole is reflective of a trend in Bar Harbor for summer properties that were less expensive to maintain. The property is one of a modest number of summer estates to survive Bar Harbor&#39;s devastating 1947 fire.</p><br>
<p>The Hundstein, also High Hundstein, is a 2,117m mountain in Zell am See, in the Pinzgau region of Austria. It is the highest peak of the Salzburg Slate Alps and belongs to the subgroup of the Dienten Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is located east of Lake Zell and opposite the end of the Fusch Valley and the Großglockner High Alpine Road in the Salzach Valley.</p><br>
<p>As a group, the Hundstein, along with its neighbouring peaks Hochkasern (2,017m), Schwalbenwand (2,011m) and Gschwandtnerberg (1,612m), occupy the entire eastern half of the Dienten mountains. The main Summit itself forms the municipal boundary of Maria Alm, Zell am See, Bruck and Taxenbach.</p><br>
<p>Both the mountain, with its summit panorama of the surrounding mountains, as well as the Hundsteinsee lake (1,891 m) are very popular destinations for hiking and mountain biking in the summer. In winter, the mountain is a skiing area.</p><br>
<p>General Patrick Hurley opened the Ambassador Hotel in 1929, intending it to be a luxury "extended stay" residence for Tulsa businessmen , who were building mansions that were not yet ready for occupancy. Hurley never stayed in the hotel he founded. He moved to Washington, D. C. in March 1929, after President Herbert Hoover chose him to be Secretary of War, after the death of the previous Secretary, who died in December 1929. Hurley never returned to Tulsa.</p><br>
<p>The hotel business in Tulsa cooled with the onset of the Great Depression. The building had a succession of owners and uses after the Great Depression, and was vacant for more than a decade at the end of the 20th century. An investment group bought the property in 1999, and spent heavily on restoration before reopening it as a boutique hotel, a niche market it continues to occupy. In 2014, the Ambassador agreed to rebrand itself as part of the Autograph Collection Hotels of Marriott International.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hurley had retained N. E. Peters as architect and Webb L. Elson as builder in 1928.</p><br>
<p>Delbert Development Company, a subsidiary of Kewanee Oil Company, bought the building in 1960 and converted the Ambassador to a commercial-type apartment hotel. The Ambassador became housing for retired seniors after the oil business declined in Tulsa, and closed altogether in 1987. Real estate developer Paul Coury and a group of investors bought the building in 1999 and began a $5.5 million restoration. The owners reopened the facility as a boutique hotel. In October 2014, Ambassador Hotel became a part of the Autograph Hotel Collection by Marriott. The agreement allows the Ambassador to retain its own identity.</p><br>
<h2>Building description</h2><br>
<p>The hotel building currently has 55 guest rooms and is located at the northwest corner of Main Street and 14th Street in Tulsa. It is included as a supporting item in the Riverview Historic District. Although the street address is given as 1324 South Main, the main entrance is actually on 14th Street, which runs along the south of the building. Constructed primarily of poured concrete columns and beams, it measures 120 feet by 40 feet. It is 9 stories high and has a full basement. The ninth floor has a concrete slab ceiling. The building roof is flat and hidden from street view by a parapet. It was originally built on a wooden frame a few feet above the slab ceiling and was covered with asphalt. The frame was deteriorated beyond repair by 1999 and needed to be replaced. The replacement was to have a light steel frame.</p><br>
<p>The exterior of the building is covered with brick. It is decorated with limestone quoins and polychrome terra cotta ornaments. A limestone belt at the second floor level runs around the building on three sides (east, south and west) and the eastern bay of the north side. The belt is decorated with an acanthus leaf pattern. The second floor window sills are integral with the belt. Windows on the ninth floor have surrounds of limestone with arches above them. The south elevation has a continuous cornice of limestone.</p><br>
<h2>NRHP listing</h2><br>
<p>The Ambassador Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on November 17, 1999, under Criterion C. According to the NRHP application, the Ambassador is "...the best remaining example of a large, multi-story Mission/Spanish Colonial Revival building designed for domestic use in the Tulsa downtown area".</p><br>
